【摘要】：在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型背景下,社會(huì)工作者及其作用越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注,在當(dāng)下的制度和組織環(huán)境下,呈現(xiàn)出不同的特質(zhì),遇到不同的問(wèn)題和困難,影響其進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,因此對(duì)行動(dòng)的主體社會(huì)工作者的全面研究顯得十分重要。本論文針對(duì)多位社會(huì)工作者進(jìn)行分類和深度訪談,以質(zhì)性研究的方式探討社工人的日常實(shí)踐互動(dòng)、社工人行動(dòng)的困境與作用、社工人的認(rèn)同,進(jìn)而了解是否存在社工人的概念。研究?jī)?nèi)容可以分為三個(gè)部分,在社會(huì)工作資源的市場(chǎng)化與行動(dòng)困境方面,社工人是被制度所驅(qū)使的職業(yè)群體,行業(yè)的規(guī)制、文化與資源影響著社工人的選擇與行動(dòng)。在日常實(shí)踐互動(dòng)方面,社工人的互動(dòng)是以專業(yè)服務(wù)為基礎(chǔ),且在互動(dòng)中,組織內(nèi)出現(xiàn)管理層和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層并線的現(xiàn)象、形成管理層與務(wù)實(shí)社工人的不對(duì)稱關(guān)系和督導(dǎo)層與實(shí)務(wù)社工人互助關(guān)系的虛化現(xiàn)象;組織外,則存在三種主體關(guān)系的互動(dòng),有非服務(wù)對(duì)象與社工人的“給 受資源”關(guān)系、社工人與服務(wù)對(duì)象的以成效為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主被動(dòng)服務(wù)關(guān)系,和服務(wù)對(duì)象在關(guān)系的中介和橋梁作用。在社工人的認(rèn)同方面,社工人的認(rèn)同是來(lái)自專業(yè)認(rèn)同,以“效用與成效”為顯性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,受制度規(guī)范、文化、組織資源、情感體驗(yàn)和專業(yè)能力等多種因素綜合影響。在綜合以上研究,可見(jiàn)社工人是一個(gè)發(fā)展的概念,且存在多種類型,如“信仰式”社工人、“附屬式”社工人、“職業(yè)式”社工人和“官僚式”社工人。研究結(jié)果與討論層面,社工人雖面臨制度和資源的約束,但因其能發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性,試圖進(jìn)行改變,能成為行動(dòng)的主體。他們多呈現(xiàn)制度親和,尤其是資源和關(guān)系親和,在當(dāng)下的制度環(huán)境和組織環(huán)境下,遇到缺乏向上流動(dòng)渠道、程序化和形式化的實(shí)務(wù)繁多、行政性事務(wù)過(guò)多、不確定性難以超越和職位多重性與能力、薪酬不匹配等困境;雖能發(fā)揮緩和社會(huì)矛盾的作用,但因?yàn)槿鄙賱?chuàng)造性,受到行政力量干預(yù),很難在短時(shí)間通過(guò)創(chuàng)造性的勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造出新的歷史質(zhì)。研究建議層面,面對(duì)社工人的困境,研究者提出了,在宏觀上,政府需要完善制度,對(duì)社工人及其發(fā)展進(jìn)行規(guī)制;在中觀上,社會(huì)組織、街道和社工人要理順關(guān)系,在互動(dòng)的關(guān)系中尋找發(fā)展的契機(jī);在微觀上,社工人要培養(yǎng)專業(yè)認(rèn)同,在關(guān)系和專業(yè)、行政和實(shí)務(wù)的互動(dòng)中掌握平衡,應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代性的不確定性。
[Abstract]:In the context of social transformation, social workers and their role are receiving more and more attention. In the current institutional and organizational environment, they present different characteristics, encounter different problems and difficulties, and affect their further development. Therefore, it is very important to study the main body of action social workers. In this paper, social workers are classified and interviewed in depth to explore the interaction of social workers' daily practice, the plight and role of social workers' actions, the identification of social workers, and then to understand the existence of the concept of social workers. The research content can be divided into three parts. In the aspect of social work resources marketization and action dilemma, social workers are the professional groups driven by the system, the regulation of industry, culture and resources affect the choice and action of social workers. In daily practice interaction, the interaction of social workers is based on professional services, and in the interaction, the management and the leadership within the organization line together phenomenon. Forming the asymmetric relationship between management and practical social workers and the fictitious phenomenon of the relationship between supervision and practical social workers; Outside the organization, there are three kinds of interaction, there is the relationship between the non-service object and the social worker, and the relationship between the social worker and the service object is based on the effectiveness of the active and passive service. And service objects in the relationship between the intermediary and the role of bridges. In the aspect of social worker's identity, the social worker's identity comes from the professional identity, which is evaluated by the explicit criterion of "utility and effectiveness", which is influenced by many factors, such as system norm, culture, organizational resources, emotional experience and professional ability. From the above studies, we can see that social workers are a concept of development and there are many types of social workers, such as "faith-based" social workers, "affiliated" social workers, "professional" social workers and "bureaucratic" social workers. At the level of research results and discussions, social workers are faced with the constraints of institutions and resources, but because they can exert their subjective initiative and try to change, they can become the main body of action. Most of them present institutional affinity, especially the affinity of resources and relationships. In the current institutional environment and organizational environment, they encounter a lack of upward flow channels, numerous procedural and formal practices, and too much administrative affairs. The uncertainty is difficult to surpass and the position is multiple with the ability, the salary does not match and so on the difficult position; Although it can play a role in easing social contradictions, it is difficult to create a new historical quality through creative labor in a short time because of the lack of creativity and the interference of administrative forces. In the face of the plight of social workers, the researcher puts forward that the government needs to perfect the system and regulate the social workers and their development. In the meso view, social organizations, streets and social workers should straighten out their relations and seek opportunities for development in the interactive relationship. At the micro level, social workers should cultivate professional identity, master the balance between relationship and professional, administrative and practical interaction, and deal with the uncertainty of modernity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C916

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