中國(guó)老年人日常生活自理能力的影響因素研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-18 21:03
【摘要】：日常生活自理能力是衡量老年人健康狀況重要指標(biāo),包括最基本的日常生活自理能力(ADL)和工具性日常生活自理能力(IADL)。本文以60歲及以上的老年人為研究對(duì)象,選取了2008年中國(guó)老年健康長(zhǎng)壽跟蹤調(diào)查的個(gè)體微觀數(shù)據(jù)和調(diào)查23個(gè)省市的宏觀區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù),在分析老年人日常生活自理能力的個(gè)體自然特征、個(gè)體社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征、個(gè)體行為特征、個(gè)體情緒狀況特征、個(gè)體軀體健康特征、個(gè)體患病情況特征、三大地帶差異以及省際差異的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用多層線性模型(HLM),探索影響老年人ADL和IADL的影響因素。主要研究結(jié)論如下： 一、隨著年齡增長(zhǎng),老年人ADL和IADL的殘障率越來(lái)越高。中國(guó)女性老年人日常生活自理能力的殘障程度高于男性。老年人日常生活自理能力的民族差異不顯著。農(nóng)村的老年人ADL要好于城市的老年人,IADL的城鄉(xiāng)差異并不顯著�；橐鰻顩r對(duì)老年人ADL和IADL的影響十分顯著,凸顯了婚姻對(duì)老年人日常生活自理能力的保護(hù)功能。受教育程度對(duì)老年人ADL的影響并不顯著,但是對(duì)IADL的影響十分顯著,即受過(guò)教育的老年人IADL優(yōu)于未受過(guò)教育的。職業(yè)地位高低對(duì)老年人日常生活自理能力不顯著。吸煙、喝酒、體育鍛煉、體力勞動(dòng)對(duì)老年人ADL的影響不顯著。吸煙、喝酒對(duì)老年人IADL影響不顯著,體育鍛煉和體力勞動(dòng)對(duì)老年人IADL產(chǎn)生正向作用。良好的情緒對(duì)于維護(hù)老年人的日常生活自理能力至關(guān)重要,經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)的老年人ADL和IADL的殘障發(fā)生率高于較少感到孤獨(dú)的老年人。聽(tīng)力和視力狀況較好的老年人,ADL和IADL均優(yōu)于聽(tīng)力和視力較差的老年人。對(duì)老年人日常生活自理能力影響程度較深的疾病主要集中在循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病。 二、老年人ADL的殘障比例在東中西三大地帶中呈現(xiàn)由西向東依次遞增的趨勢(shì)。老年人IADL殘障比例由高到低依次是中部地區(qū)、東部地區(qū)和西部地區(qū)。老年人ADL和IADL的省際差異均十分明顯,老年人ADL的南北差異相當(dāng)明顯,ADL殘障比例最高的省份是遼寧、天津和陜西,ADL殘障比例最低的省份是浙江、江西和湖南。老年人IADL殘障比例最高的省份是天津、江西和陜西,ADL殘障比例最低的省份是浙江、重慶和黑龍江。 三、在HLM模型中,個(gè)體因素中慢性疾病狀況、年齡、性別、現(xiàn)居住地、軀體健康狀況、情緒是影響老年人ADL的重要因素,特別值得注意慢性疾病中的高血壓、中風(fēng)等腦血管病、風(fēng)濕骨病、癡呆這些疾病。自然因子、主食結(jié)構(gòu)、醫(yī)療因子、非農(nóng)業(yè)人口比重、人均預(yù)期壽命這些宏觀區(qū)域因素對(duì)老年人ADL的產(chǎn)生顯著影響。而老年人IADL產(chǎn)生顯著影響的個(gè)體因素包括慢性疾病狀況、年齡、性別、婚姻、教育、體力勞動(dòng)、軀體健康狀況、情緒,所選取的宏觀區(qū)域因素并未對(duì)老年人IADL產(chǎn)生顯著的影響,還有待進(jìn)一步探索。
[Abstract]:The self-care ability of daily life is an important index to measure the health status of the elderly, including the most basic self-care ability of daily life (ADL) and the instrumental self-care ability of daily life (IADL). Taking the elderly aged 60 and above as the research object, this paper selects the individual microcosmic data of the 2008 China elderly Health and Longevity tracking Survey and the macro regional data of 23 provinces and cities. In this paper, the characteristics of individual nature, individual social economy, individual behavior, individual emotional status, individual body health and individual disease were analyzed. On the basis of the difference of three regions and the difference between provinces, the influence factors of ADL and IADL in the elderly were explored by using the multilayer linear model (HLM),). The main conclusions are as follows: first, the disability rate of ADL and IADL increases with age. The disabled degree of self-care ability of Chinese women is higher than that of men. There is no significant difference in the ability of the elderly to take care of themselves in daily life. The ADL of rural elderly is better than that of urban, but the difference of IADL between urban and rural is not significant. The influence of marital status on the ADL and IADL of the elderly is very significant, which highlights the protective function of marriage on the ability of the elderly to take care of themselves in daily life. The influence of education level on ADL of the elderly is not significant, but the effect on IADL is very significant, that is, the IADL of the educated elderly is better than that of the uneducated. The level of professional status is not significant to the ability of the elderly to take care of their daily life. Smoking, drinking, physical exercise and physical labor had no significant effect on ADL in the elderly. Smoking and drinking had no significant effect on IADL, but physical exercise and physical labor had positive effects on IADL. Good mood is very important to maintain the self-care ability of daily life of the elderly. The incidence of disability in the elderly who often feel lonely is higher than that in the elderly who feel lonely less. ADL and IADL were superior to those with poor hearing and vision in hearing and visual acuity. The diseases which have a great influence on the self-care ability of daily life of the elderly are mainly circulatory diseases and nervous system diseases. Secondly, the disability ratio of ADL in the elderly increased from west to east in three major areas of east, west and west. The ratio of IADL disability in the elderly is from high to low in the central, eastern and western regions. The difference between ADL and IADL in the elderly is very obvious, and the difference between the north and south of ADL is quite obvious. The provinces with the highest proportion of ADL disability are Liaoning, Tianjin and Shaanxi, and the provinces with the lowest ratio of ADL disability are Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hunan. The provinces with the highest proportion of IADL disability among the elderly are Tianjin, Jiangxi and Shaanxi, and the provinces with the lowest proportion of ADL disability are Zhejiang, Chongqing and Heilongjiang. Third, in the HLM model, individual factors such as chronic disease, age, sex, current residence, physical health, and mood are important factors affecting ADL in the elderly, especially among chronic diseases, such as hypertension, stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. Rheumatic bone disease, dementia, these diseases. The macroscopical factors such as natural factors, staple food structure, medical factors, proportion of non-agricultural population and average life expectancy have a significant effect on ADL of the elderly. However, the individual factors that had significant effects on IADL in the elderly included chronic disease status, age, sex, marriage, education, physical labor, physical health, emotion, and the macroscopical factors selected had no significant effect on IADL in the elderly. Further exploration is still needed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：C913.6
本文編號(hào)：2386497
[Abstract]:The self-care ability of daily life is an important index to measure the health status of the elderly, including the most basic self-care ability of daily life (ADL) and the instrumental self-care ability of daily life (IADL). Taking the elderly aged 60 and above as the research object, this paper selects the individual microcosmic data of the 2008 China elderly Health and Longevity tracking Survey and the macro regional data of 23 provinces and cities. In this paper, the characteristics of individual nature, individual social economy, individual behavior, individual emotional status, individual body health and individual disease were analyzed. On the basis of the difference of three regions and the difference between provinces, the influence factors of ADL and IADL in the elderly were explored by using the multilayer linear model (HLM),). The main conclusions are as follows: first, the disability rate of ADL and IADL increases with age. The disabled degree of self-care ability of Chinese women is higher than that of men. There is no significant difference in the ability of the elderly to take care of themselves in daily life. The ADL of rural elderly is better than that of urban, but the difference of IADL between urban and rural is not significant. The influence of marital status on the ADL and IADL of the elderly is very significant, which highlights the protective function of marriage on the ability of the elderly to take care of themselves in daily life. The influence of education level on ADL of the elderly is not significant, but the effect on IADL is very significant, that is, the IADL of the educated elderly is better than that of the uneducated. The level of professional status is not significant to the ability of the elderly to take care of their daily life. Smoking, drinking, physical exercise and physical labor had no significant effect on ADL in the elderly. Smoking and drinking had no significant effect on IADL, but physical exercise and physical labor had positive effects on IADL. Good mood is very important to maintain the self-care ability of daily life of the elderly. The incidence of disability in the elderly who often feel lonely is higher than that in the elderly who feel lonely less. ADL and IADL were superior to those with poor hearing and vision in hearing and visual acuity. The diseases which have a great influence on the self-care ability of daily life of the elderly are mainly circulatory diseases and nervous system diseases. Secondly, the disability ratio of ADL in the elderly increased from west to east in three major areas of east, west and west. The ratio of IADL disability in the elderly is from high to low in the central, eastern and western regions. The difference between ADL and IADL in the elderly is very obvious, and the difference between the north and south of ADL is quite obvious. The provinces with the highest proportion of ADL disability are Liaoning, Tianjin and Shaanxi, and the provinces with the lowest ratio of ADL disability are Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hunan. The provinces with the highest proportion of IADL disability among the elderly are Tianjin, Jiangxi and Shaanxi, and the provinces with the lowest proportion of ADL disability are Zhejiang, Chongqing and Heilongjiang. Third, in the HLM model, individual factors such as chronic disease, age, sex, current residence, physical health, and mood are important factors affecting ADL in the elderly, especially among chronic diseases, such as hypertension, stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. Rheumatic bone disease, dementia, these diseases. The macroscopical factors such as natural factors, staple food structure, medical factors, proportion of non-agricultural population and average life expectancy have a significant effect on ADL of the elderly. However, the individual factors that had significant effects on IADL in the elderly included chronic disease status, age, sex, marriage, education, physical labor, physical health, emotion, and the macroscopical factors selected had no significant effect on IADL in the elderly. Further exploration is still needed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：C913.6
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