【摘要】：文化休克現(xiàn)象普遍存在,它伴隨著跨文化接觸的發(fā)生而發(fā)生。美國人類學(xué)家奧伯格于1960年首次創(chuàng)造了“文化休克”這一說法用以描述當(dāng)人們進(jìn)入一種幾乎沒有熟悉的信號和行為的新的文化環(huán)境中所產(chǎn)生的焦慮的種種跡象。幾十年來,許多這一領(lǐng)域的研究人員全身心地探索這一問題,其目的是為了全面揭示隱藏在文化休克現(xiàn)象背后的深層次原因,進(jìn)一步探究出應(yīng)對或者至少減輕這一現(xiàn)象所帶來的負(fù)面影響的有效策略,從而真正提高出國人員的生活、學(xué)習(xí)和工作的質(zhì)量。然而,他們的研究目前還沒有系統(tǒng)化。本文是將文化休克現(xiàn)象置于跨文化適應(yīng)的過程中加以研究的。它有兩個目標(biāo):第一,從文化休克的不同形式、癥狀、原因、過程和策略以及兩種重要的模式等多個不同的角度探索和分析了文化休克現(xiàn)象。第二,提出應(yīng)對或減輕文化休克現(xiàn)象的有效策略。 為了深化討論文化休克現(xiàn)象的深刻原因,本文運用了霍夫斯泰德的五個文化維度理論。本文還運用了金榮淵的壓力-適應(yīng)-成長相互作用的理論來解釋跨文化適應(yīng)的過程。此外,文章還對文化、文化相對主義、民族中心主義等概念以及文化休克現(xiàn)象在跨文化適應(yīng)過程中所扮演的角色等進(jìn)行了具體闡述。 在文化休克的種種應(yīng)對策略中本文著重強調(diào)了跨文化培訓(xùn)。同時,“適應(yīng)”作為克服文化休克現(xiàn)象的一種自然方法也受到重視。本文共分五章: 第一章是引言,主要論述了本研究的意義,目的和組織結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二章分析了對文化的理解并就文化休克現(xiàn)象從不同的角度進(jìn)行了探討。 第三章將文化休克和跨文化適應(yīng)聯(lián)系起來。本章簡單論述了對跨文化適應(yīng)及其過程的理解,探討了文化休克現(xiàn)象在跨文化適應(yīng)過程中的角色并且分析了文化休克的深層次原因。 第四章提出了文化休克的應(yīng)對策略。本章著重強調(diào)了跨文化培訓(xùn)對跨文化能力培養(yǎng)的重要性。本章還通過評判成功的跨文化適應(yīng)的結(jié)果就作為克服和減輕文化休克的一種自然方法的適應(yīng)進(jìn)行了論述。 第五章是文化休克現(xiàn)象的研究啟示,這一現(xiàn)象對中學(xué)英語教學(xué)的啟示以及對全文的總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of cultural shock, which occurs with the occurrence of cross-cultural contact, is widespread. The American anthropologist Oberger first coined the term "cultural shock" in 1960 to describe the signs of anxiety that arise when people enter a new cultural environment in which there are almost no familiar signals and behaviors. For decades, many researchers in this field have devoted themselves to exploring the problem in order to fully reveal the underlying causes behind the phenomenon of cultural shock. Further explore effective strategies to cope with or at least mitigate the negative effects of this phenomenon, so as to truly improve the quality of life, study and work of people abroad. However, their research is not yet systematic. This paper studies the phenomenon of cultural shock in the process of cross-cultural adaptation. It has two goals: first, it explores and analyzes the phenomenon of cultural shock from different forms, symptoms, causes, processes and strategies, as well as two important models of culture shock. Secondly, effective strategies to deal with or reduce the phenomenon of cultural shock are put forward. In order to further discuss the causes of cultural shock, this paper applies Hofstedt's theory of five cultural dimensions. This paper also uses Jin Rongyuan's theory of pressure-adaptation-growth interaction to explain the process of cross-cultural adaptation. In addition, the concepts of culture, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism and the role of cultural shock in the process of cross-cultural adaptation are expounded. In the various coping strategies of cultural shock, this paper emphasizes cross-cultural training. At the same time, adaptation as a natural method to overcome the phenomenon of cultural shock has also been attached importance. This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction, mainly discusses the significance, purpose and organizational structure of this study. The second chapter analyzes the understanding of culture and discusses the phenomenon of culture shock from different angles. Chapter three links cultural shock with cross-cultural adaptation. This chapter briefly discusses the understanding of cross-cultural adaptation and its process, discusses the role of cultural shock in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, and analyzes the deep-seated causes of cultural shock. The fourth chapter puts forward the strategy of culture shock. This chapter emphasizes the importance of cross-cultural training for cross-cultural competence. This chapter also discusses the outcome of successful intercultural adaptation as a natural way to overcome and mitigate cultural shock. The fifth chapter is about the enlightenment of culture shock phenomenon, the enlightenment of this phenomenon to English teaching in middle school and the summary of the whole text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C912.4

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本文編號：2287405