發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-18 19:02

【摘要】：十八世紀(jì)末的法國(guó)大革命在世界革命史上占據(jù)著重要的地位,其激進(jìn)程度也遠(yuǎn)超歐洲各國(guó)甚至是同時(shí)期的美國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),當(dāng)時(shí)的法國(guó)群眾在革命開(kāi)始直至革命結(jié)束后的很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期所表現(xiàn)出群眾特有現(xiàn)象引起了學(xué)者之間的著書(shū)立論,群體心理學(xué)創(chuàng)始人勒龐就是其中之一,他帶有先驗(yàn)性的觀點(diǎn)恰逢其時(shí)的迎合了當(dāng)時(shí)普羅大眾的口味,他在書(shū)中通過(guò)可謂觸目驚心、聳人聽(tīng)聞的筆調(diào)對(duì)群眾進(jìn)行了批判,在群眾非理性參與革命的年代以此來(lái)宣揚(yáng)自己的精英領(lǐng)導(dǎo)主張,他的一些思想甚至影響至今。狂歡節(jié)作為一個(gè)歷久彌新的話題從未淡出過(guò)人們的視野,革命時(shí)期的狂歡活動(dòng)中不可避免的加入了革命特有的色彩,巴赫金在從文學(xué)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域中提煉歸納出的狂歡化理論體系不僅局限于文學(xué)方面,其在狂歡活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域的群眾行為特征中也早己有所表現(xiàn),而通過(guò)群眾理論和狂歡理論的分析比較會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),二者之間存在著共通關(guān)系,勒龐在以群眾為說(shuō)理對(duì)象時(shí)由于其經(jīng)驗(yàn)性錯(cuò)誤而導(dǎo)致其著述不夠完善、例證不夠充分,也成為后人所苛責(zé)的地方。本文試圖在溯源狂歡化理論和勒龐烏合之眾群眾理論的基礎(chǔ)上,分析勒龐在研究時(shí)忽略了哪些,重點(diǎn)論述在法國(guó)大革命期間群眾的構(gòu)成、群眾的行為特征,同時(shí)通過(guò)分析在狂歡理論下的群眾與精英的關(guān)系,將精英群體納入新的群體時(shí)代中去考慮。對(duì)于勒龐的群眾理論而言,確實(shí)在特定的時(shí)代背景下為我們提供了新的研究視角,但也不能忽視其在研究范式上存在的缺陷問(wèn)題,本文擬站在歷史的角度,以狂歡理論和勒龐烏合之眾群眾理論為雙切入點(diǎn),為勒龐后的群體時(shí)代問(wèn)題作出解答。
[Abstract]:The French Revolution at the end of the eighteenth century occupied an important position in the history of the world revolution, and its degree of radicalization was far greater than that of the European countries and even the American revolutionary war of the same period. During the long period from the beginning of the revolution to the end of the revolution, the French masses showed that the phenomenon of the masses peculiar to the masses caused the scholars to write books, among which Le Pen, the founder of group psychology, was one of them. His transcendental point of view caters to the tastes of the general public at that time, and he criticizes the masses in what can be described as shocking and sensational style. In the age of mass irrational participation in the revolution, he advocated his elite leadership, some of his ideas even influence today. Carnival as a long-lasting topic has never faded out of people's eyes, the carnival of the revolutionary period inevitably added the unique color of the revolution, Bakhtin's theory system of carnival is not only limited to literature, but also has been shown in the characteristics of mass behavior in the field of carnival activities. Through the analysis and comparison of mass theory and carnival theory, it is found that there is a common relationship between the two. When Le Pen takes the masses as the reasoning object, her writings are not perfect and the examples are not enough because of his empirical mistakes. It has also become a place of harsh criticism from later generations. On the basis of the theory of tracing carnival and Le Pen's mass theory, this paper attempts to analyze what Le Pen has neglected in his research, focusing on the composition of the masses and the characteristics of the masses' behavior during the French Revolution. At the same time, by analyzing the relationship between the masses and the elite under the carnival theory, the elite group is taken into consideration in the new group era. As for Le Pen's mass theory, it does provide us with a new research perspective under the specific background of the times, but we can not ignore its defects in the research paradigm. This paper intends to stand on the historical point of view. Taking carnival theory and Le Pen's mass theory as the double entry point, this paper answers the question of the group time after Le Pen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C912.64

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