【摘要】：就業(yè)乃民生之本。伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,我國(guó)城市化建設(shè)突飛猛進(jìn),社會(huì)上失去賴以生存的土地的農(nóng)民越來越多。這一群體普遍存在文化程度不高、就業(yè)技能偏低的特點(diǎn),由此便產(chǎn)生了一大批失地又失業(yè)的群體。而作為這部分群體的主力軍20-35周歲的青年失地農(nóng)民,其就業(yè)形勢(shì)更為嚴(yán)峻,已成為社會(huì)新的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)。一方面,他們喪失土地這一基本生活資料以后,不僅生活成本增加、生活作息改變,而且以家庭為單位的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)抵御能力也隨之降低;另一方面,當(dāng)今社會(huì)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力激烈,再加上自身以及各種因素的影響,他們便無法或很難找到合適的就業(yè)崗位,這樣一來,就迫使他們陷入無業(yè)可就的窘態(tài)。怎樣解決好這部分群體的就業(yè)、再就業(yè)問題,不僅關(guān)系到地區(qū)穩(wěn)定,而且還關(guān)系到地方經(jīng)濟(jì)、民生發(fā)展,它已經(jīng)成為各級(jí)政府亟待解決的重點(diǎn)問題之一。本文以社會(huì)工作核心價(jià)值觀和專業(yè)理念為指導(dǎo),筆者于2014年11月初對(duì)西安市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)X村青年失地農(nóng)民進(jìn)行調(diào)查。X村位于西安市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)神禾大道以北,近年來由于市內(nèi)高校搬遷、城市規(guī)劃以及繞城高速等建設(shè)項(xiàng)目大面積征地,直接造成大部分農(nóng)村失地青年在X村涌現(xiàn)。這批青年失地后,首先要面臨的就是如何依靠收入解決自身的生存問題,即就業(yè)問題。雖然他們的生活穿梭于農(nóng)村和城市之間,但他們已經(jīng)不再等同于以往的農(nóng)民,更不是當(dāng)今社會(huì)享有城市福利待遇的市民,他們擁有的只是介于二者之間的尷尬身份。針對(duì)此狀況,對(duì)青年失地農(nóng)民城市就業(yè)困難的社會(huì)工作介入研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中存在的問題并提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議,希望能夠?qū)鉀Q該群體就業(yè)困難問題有一定的借鑒意義。本篇論文的調(diào)查研究主要采用了三種方法,分別是:問卷調(diào)查、深度訪談和文獻(xiàn)分析。在X村調(diào)查搜集數(shù)據(jù)和收集案主資料期間主要采用問卷法和深度訪談法,而文獻(xiàn)分析法主要運(yùn)用于分析和參考先前學(xué)者的研究成果。文章在對(duì)所搜集到的資料整理分析的基礎(chǔ)上,首先,統(tǒng)計(jì)出樣本群體實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)的途徑和所從事職業(yè)的種類及人數(shù);其次,總結(jié)了我國(guó)失地青年城市就業(yè)困難所面臨的相關(guān)問題,具體包括:就業(yè)不充分、穩(wěn)定性不高、職業(yè)層次偏低和就業(yè)心理困惑四大類;然后,分別從社會(huì)客觀原因和青年失地農(nóng)民自身主觀問題進(jìn)行剖析,通過對(duì)具有代表性的個(gè)案深度訪談,分析社會(huì)工作介入青年失地農(nóng)民城市就業(yè)困難問題,在此基礎(chǔ)上得出解決此問題時(shí)目前所存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境和經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié);最后,立足社會(huì)工作角度,從社會(huì)政策、專業(yè)發(fā)展、社會(huì)工作者資源整合運(yùn)用三個(gè)層面提出解決樣本群體城市就業(yè)困難的可操作化對(duì)策,為有效解決農(nóng)村失地青年群體城市就業(yè)艱辛的問題提供具有參考性的建議。
[Abstract]:Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. With the development of economy, the construction of urbanization in China is advancing by leaps and bounds. This group has the characteristics of low education level and low employment skill, which leads to a large number of lost land and unemployed groups. As the main force of this group, the young landless peasants aged 20 to 35 years old, their employment situation is more severe, has become the new focus of social attention. On the one hand, when they lose their basic means of livelihood, land not only increases the cost of living and changes their daily life, but also reduces their ability to withstand risks based on family units. On the other hand, there is intense market competition in today's society. Combined with their own and various factors, they are unable or difficult to find suitable jobs, thus forcing them into an unemployed dilemma. How to solve the problem of employment and re-employment of this group is not only related to regional stability, but also to the development of local economy and people's livelihood. It has become one of the key issues to be solved urgently by governments at all levels. Under the guidance of the core values of social work and professional ideas, the author investigated the young landless peasants of Village X in Changan District of Xi'an in early November 2014. The village is located north of Shenhe Avenue in Changan District of Xi'an City. In recent years, due to the relocation of colleges and universities in the city. Urban planning and high-speed construction projects such as large areas of land acquisition, directly resulting in the emergence of most of the rural land lost youth in Village X. After the youth lost their land, the first thing to face is how to rely on income to solve their own survival problem, that is, employment. Although their lives travel between the countryside and the city, they are no longer equal to the farmers in the past, nor are they the citizens who enjoy the urban welfare treatment in the present society. What they have is an embarrassing identity between the two. In view of this situation, this paper studies the social work intervention of the urban employment difficulties of the young landless peasants, finds out the existing problems and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, hoping that it can be used for reference to solve the employment difficulties of this group. This paper mainly adopts three methods: questionnaire, in-depth interview and literature analysis. During the period of collecting data and collecting the information of the principal of the case, the questionnaire and in-depth interview were mainly used, while the literature analysis method was mainly used to analyze and refer to the research results of previous scholars. Based on the analysis of the collected data, firstly, the paper counts out the ways for the sample groups to achieve employment, the types and the number of occupations engaged in, and secondly, summarizes the related problems faced by the urban employment difficulties faced by the young people who have lost their land. It includes four categories: underemployment, low stability, low level of occupation and psychological confusion of employment; then, it analyzes the social objective reasons and the subjective problems of the young landless peasants, respectively. Through in-depth interviews with representative cases, this paper analyzes the social work involved in the urban employment difficulties of young landless farmers, and on the basis of this, draws a conclusion of the practical difficulties and experience in solving this problem; finally, From the perspective of social work, from the social policy, professional development, social worker resources integration and use of three levels to solve the sample groups of urban employment difficulties operational countermeasures, To effectively solve the problem of urban employment difficulties of rural land-lost youth groups to provide reference advice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：C916;F249.2

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