上海市學(xué)齡兒童交通性體力活動(dòng)及影響因素分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-14 19:50
【摘要】：背景:改革開放以來,隨著快速的城市化進(jìn)程,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境等發(fā)生了劇烈的變化,學(xué)齡兒童逐漸開始形成"靜態(tài)"生活方式,體力活動(dòng)水平下降,超重/肥胖發(fā)生率、視力不良率等問題也日益嚴(yán)重。同時(shí),上下學(xué)兩個(gè)時(shí)段與上下班高峰時(shí)段重疊,學(xué)校周邊在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)形成較大的交通流,導(dǎo)致交通擁堵、秩序混亂等問題嚴(yán)重。鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生步行或騎自行車上下學(xué),不僅有助于提高學(xué)生的體力活動(dòng)水平,降低超重肥胖發(fā)生率,而且能有效地緩解上下學(xué)時(shí)段學(xué)校周邊交通壓力。因此,本研究將從學(xué)校角度出發(fā)分析學(xué)齡兒童上下學(xué)交通方式特征并探討學(xué)校特征及其周邊建成環(huán)境與學(xué)齡兒童上下學(xué)交通方式的影響,同時(shí)以學(xué)齡兒童為對象探討影響其上學(xué)時(shí)積極通勤頻率的因素。方法:本文利用分層抽樣選取上海市32所學(xué)校,數(shù)據(jù)收集主要采用以下方法:從學(xué)校角度利用行為觀察法統(tǒng)計(jì)每所學(xué)校學(xué)生上下學(xué)交通方式,利用問卷調(diào)查法從學(xué)生個(gè)人角度收集相關(guān)信息,以及利用百度API客觀測量學(xué)校周邊以及學(xué)齡兒童居住地附近建設(shè)環(huán)境特征。最后,統(tǒng)一使用SPSS23.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,具體分析方法包括:描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、單因素方差分析、卡方檢驗(yàn)、簡單線性回歸分析、主成分分析以及二元logistic回歸分析等。結(jié)果:研究一的主要結(jié)果有:(1)步行仍然是上海市學(xué)齡兒童上下學(xué)的主要交通方式,乘電瓶車已成為上海市小學(xué)生上下學(xué)主要交通方式之一;(2)學(xué)生上學(xué)時(shí)采用乘小汽車、乘電瓶車兩種交通方式的比例高于放學(xué)時(shí)的比例;男生獨(dú)自步行上下學(xué)的比例高于女生,而由家長陪同步行上下學(xué)的比例均低于女生;中心城區(qū)所有學(xué)校步行上下學(xué)分擔(dān)率均超過50%,郊區(qū)學(xué)校步行上下學(xué)分擔(dān)率相對較低。(3)學(xué)校附近的建成環(huán)境對學(xué)生步行上學(xué)交通方式選擇的影響顯著,共發(fā)現(xiàn)32個(gè)變量(包括交通設(shè)施、人口密度和土地混合使用等方面)與步行上學(xué)的可能性呈顯著正相關(guān)。相比上學(xué)時(shí),學(xué)校特征及其周邊的建成環(huán)境與學(xué)生放學(xué)時(shí)交通方式的選擇有顯著相關(guān)性的變量較少。研究二的主要結(jié)果有:(1)上海市學(xué)齡兒童在通常的一周中采用積極交通方式上學(xué)達(dá)3次及其以上的人數(shù)較少,僅占43.1%;(2)與社會(huì)關(guān)系的互動(dòng)情況對學(xué)齡兒童是否是經(jīng)常步行或騎自行車上學(xué)有重要影響。父母的體力活動(dòng)水平、父母對孩子參與體力活動(dòng)的態(tài)度、家人朋友等直接參與學(xué)齡兒童的體力活動(dòng)或靜態(tài)行為、家人鼓勵(lì)孩子參與體力活動(dòng)等與社會(huì)關(guān)系的互動(dòng)情況相關(guān)的變量與學(xué)齡兒童是否經(jīng)常步行或騎自行車上學(xué)有顯著相關(guān)性;(3)孩子的休閑性體力活動(dòng)水平、學(xué)校在校學(xué)生人數(shù)、學(xué)校與家的距離、居住地200m緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)餐廳的數(shù)量等變量與孩子是否經(jīng)常步行或騎自行車等積極交通方式上學(xué)有顯著相關(guān)性。結(jié)論:步行仍然是上海市學(xué)齡兒童上下學(xué)的主要交通方式,但是經(jīng)常采用步行上學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)較少、狀況不容樂觀。影響學(xué)齡上下學(xué)交通方式選擇的因素很多,其中學(xué)校周邊建成環(huán)境、與社會(huì)關(guān)系的互動(dòng)情況2個(gè)方面因素的影響最大。
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid urbanization process, China's economy, society and environment have undergone drastic changes, school-age children have gradually begun to form a "static" lifestyle, physical activity level has declined, the incidence of overweight/obesity, poor vision rate and other issues are becoming increasingly serious. Encouraging students to walk or ride bicycles to and from school is not only helpful to improve the level of physical activity of students, reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity, but also can effectively alleviate the traffic pressure around schools during school hours. Therefore, this study will analyze the characteristics of school-age children's commuting modes from the school point of view, and explore the impact of school characteristics and its surrounding built environment on school-age children's commuting modes. At the same time, this study will take school-age children as the object to explore the factors affecting their active commuting frequency at school. In 32 schools in Haishi, the following methods were used to collect data: from the school point of view, behavior observation method was used to count the traffic mode of each school, questionnaire method was used to collect relevant information from the student's personal point of view, and Baidu API was used to objectively measure the characteristics of the construction environment around the school and around the residential area of school-age children. Then, SPSS23.0 was used to analyze the data, including descriptive statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, simple linear regression analysis, principal component analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Battery cars have become one of the main means of transportation for pupils in Shanghai. (2) The proportion of pupils using car and battery cars at school is higher than that at school. The proportion of boys walking to and from school alone is higher than that of girls, while the proportion of parents accompanying them to and from school is lower than that of girls. All the schools in the district shared more than 50% of the total credits on foot, while those in the suburbs had a relatively low rate. (3) The built environment around the school had a significant impact on the choice of the mode of transportation for walking to school. A total of 32 variables (including transportation facilities, population density and land use) were found to be related to the possibility of walking to school. The main results of study 2 are as follows: (1) The number of school-age children in Shanghai who attend school three times or more in a normal week by active means of transport is less, accounting for only 43.1%; (2) The level of physical activity of parents, parents'attitudes toward their children's participation in physical activity, family and friends' direct participation in physical activity or static behavior of school-age children, and family members'encouragement of children's participation in physical activity and other social relations have an important impact on whether school-age children often walk or ride bicycles to school. Variables related to interaction were significantly correlated with whether school-age children often walked or bicycled to school; (3) The level of leisure physical activity of children, the number of students in school, the distance between school and home, the number of restaurants in the 200 m buffer zone where children lived, and the number of active traffic such as walking or bicycling were correlated. Conclusion: Walking is still the main mode of transportation for school-age children in Shanghai, but the number of students who often use it is not optimistic. Factors have the greatest impact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C913.5
本文編號(hào)：2243702
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid urbanization process, China's economy, society and environment have undergone drastic changes, school-age children have gradually begun to form a "static" lifestyle, physical activity level has declined, the incidence of overweight/obesity, poor vision rate and other issues are becoming increasingly serious. Encouraging students to walk or ride bicycles to and from school is not only helpful to improve the level of physical activity of students, reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity, but also can effectively alleviate the traffic pressure around schools during school hours. Therefore, this study will analyze the characteristics of school-age children's commuting modes from the school point of view, and explore the impact of school characteristics and its surrounding built environment on school-age children's commuting modes. At the same time, this study will take school-age children as the object to explore the factors affecting their active commuting frequency at school. In 32 schools in Haishi, the following methods were used to collect data: from the school point of view, behavior observation method was used to count the traffic mode of each school, questionnaire method was used to collect relevant information from the student's personal point of view, and Baidu API was used to objectively measure the characteristics of the construction environment around the school and around the residential area of school-age children. Then, SPSS23.0 was used to analyze the data, including descriptive statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, simple linear regression analysis, principal component analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Battery cars have become one of the main means of transportation for pupils in Shanghai. (2) The proportion of pupils using car and battery cars at school is higher than that at school. The proportion of boys walking to and from school alone is higher than that of girls, while the proportion of parents accompanying them to and from school is lower than that of girls. All the schools in the district shared more than 50% of the total credits on foot, while those in the suburbs had a relatively low rate. (3) The built environment around the school had a significant impact on the choice of the mode of transportation for walking to school. A total of 32 variables (including transportation facilities, population density and land use) were found to be related to the possibility of walking to school. The main results of study 2 are as follows: (1) The number of school-age children in Shanghai who attend school three times or more in a normal week by active means of transport is less, accounting for only 43.1%; (2) The level of physical activity of parents, parents'attitudes toward their children's participation in physical activity, family and friends' direct participation in physical activity or static behavior of school-age children, and family members'encouragement of children's participation in physical activity and other social relations have an important impact on whether school-age children often walk or ride bicycles to school. Variables related to interaction were significantly correlated with whether school-age children often walked or bicycled to school; (3) The level of leisure physical activity of children, the number of students in school, the distance between school and home, the number of restaurants in the 200 m buffer zone where children lived, and the number of active traffic such as walking or bicycling were correlated. Conclusion: Walking is still the main mode of transportation for school-age children in Shanghai, but the number of students who often use it is not optimistic. Factors have the greatest impact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C913.5
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