我國網(wǎng)絡公共領(lǐng)域中的網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力問題及對策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 13:12
【摘要】：眾所周知,網(wǎng)絡自產(chǎn)生以來,起到的是“雙刃劍”的作用,人們在感受網(wǎng)絡所帶來的極大便利的同時,也深深的體會到只要有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)存在地方,就隨時會有讓每個個體完全暴露在網(wǎng)絡社會視線中的可能,讓其深陷網(wǎng)絡輿論的漩渦中。在網(wǎng)絡社會,網(wǎng)絡輿論所關(guān)注的熱點可以觸及到國家的經(jīng)濟、政治、文化等領(lǐng)域,網(wǎng)絡輿論的力量如果可以實現(xiàn)合理、理性的運用,形成具有理性批判精神的意見或建議,就會促進國家民主政治合理、良性的發(fā)展;如果網(wǎng)絡輿論出現(xiàn)引導不利,處置不當,任由其發(fā)展,就會存在轉(zhuǎn)化為網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力的可能,尤其是在涉及政治領(lǐng)域時,這種具有暴力性的力量,借助網(wǎng)絡的渠道,對政治的合理性、合法性造成沖擊。網(wǎng)絡是一個自由、平等交流的開放性平臺,本質(zhì)上屬于公共領(lǐng)域,具備公共性的主要特征。網(wǎng)民參與到網(wǎng)絡社會中,尤其是參與政治、國家事務話題的探討和評判時,首先要具備可以公開成熟運用理性精神的能力,才能深刻認識事件背后的真相,揭示事物的本質(zhì),表達出自己內(nèi)心的真實想法,從而為社會的進步,國家的發(fā)展提供有價值的意見。然而,網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力,往往蘊含著非理性、極端化的情緒,帶有明顯攻擊性和情緒宣泄式的言論,非但不能有效地促進事件的解決,反而會降低民眾對政府的信任,并且存在引發(fā)社會新危機的可能,引起社會動蕩。其次,網(wǎng)絡空間,雖然是一個可以“暢所欲言”、自由交流的一個場所,但是也不會是一個“法外之地”,網(wǎng)絡社會中的行為需要法律、法規(guī)進行約束,網(wǎng)絡社會的正常運行需要法律、法規(guī)的保障。網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力,肆意傳播不經(jīng)驗證的違法信息,對他人進行“人肉搜索”,惡意詆毀政府、國家形象等等,實際上是網(wǎng)民缺乏法律意識的表現(xiàn),為了滿足自己的“一時之快”,滿足自己的好奇心,在不經(jīng)意間觸犯了國家法律,遭到法律的制裁。另外,網(wǎng)絡空間里網(wǎng)民受教育程度,工作性質(zhì),心理素質(zhì)等存在差異,對網(wǎng)絡社會和現(xiàn)實社會中事物的看法存在不同程度的理解,網(wǎng)民之間應該彼此相互理解、包容,平等地進行交流,特別是在對政治話題進行討論時,網(wǎng)民要理性發(fā)言,文明評論,同時政府要允許不同聲音的存在,虛心聽取來自不同群體的意見和批評。然而,網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力顯然缺乏這些公共理性精神,取而代之的是謾罵、誹謗、言語攻擊以及惡意的詆毀他人及國家形象等。網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力的形成受多種因素的影響,從其根源上來看,主要有以下四點:首先,網(wǎng)民結(jié)構(gòu)的失衡與網(wǎng)民公共精神的缺失,主要體現(xiàn)在當前我國“三低”人群占主體的網(wǎng)民結(jié)構(gòu)以及網(wǎng)民在參與輿論表達時理性精神與主體意識的不足;其次,網(wǎng)絡輿論環(huán)境的具備的匿名性、虛擬性的特性以及網(wǎng)絡自媒體環(huán)境下網(wǎng)絡信息的碎片化;第三,網(wǎng)絡空間中的法律法規(guī)不完善,網(wǎng)絡空間中議題設置和網(wǎng)絡信息“把關(guān)人”角色的弱化,網(wǎng)絡監(jiān)管不到位,信息公開不充分;第四,社會轉(zhuǎn)型期我國社會結(jié)構(gòu)的失衡,諸多社會矛盾之下的社會戾氣在網(wǎng)絡空間的蔓延。網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力對中國成熟網(wǎng)絡公共領(lǐng)域的建設起著負面影響作用,是對網(wǎng)絡公共領(lǐng)域公共性的侵害,無論是網(wǎng)絡秩序的正常運行,還是確保網(wǎng)絡社會的安全,都急需遏制網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力在網(wǎng)絡空間的蔓延。因此,需要通過加強公民理性精神的培育,提升網(wǎng)民媒介素養(yǎng);完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī),強化網(wǎng)絡監(jiān)管;堅持正確網(wǎng)絡輿論導向,積極引導網(wǎng)絡輿論;促進社會認同,化解社會怨恨情緒等方面入手,超越單一維度的邏輯,整體性地顧及社會輿論、社會心態(tài)和網(wǎng)絡輿論的關(guān)系,從而遏制網(wǎng)絡輿論暴力的蔓延,促使我國網(wǎng)絡公共領(lǐng)域健康、良性發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As we all know, since the emergence of the network, it has played a "double-edged sword" role. While people feel the great convenience brought by the network, they also deeply realize that as long as there is a place for the Internet, every individual will be completely exposed to the sight of the network society at any time, so that it is trapped in the vortex of network public opinion. In the network society, the hotspot that the network public opinion pays close attention to can touch the country's economy, politics, culture and other fields. If the power of the network public opinion can be used rationally and rationally, and the opinions or suggestions with rational critical spirit can be formed, it will promote the rational and benign development of the country's democratic politics; if the network public opinion appears to guide unfavorable, it will be punished. If it is not properly handled and allowed to develop, there will be the possibility of transforming it into cyber-public opinion violence, especially when it comes to the political sphere. This violent force, through the channels of the network, will impact the political rationality and legitimacy. The main characteristics of sex.When netizens participate in the network society, especially in the discussion and evaluation of political and state affairs, they must have the ability to use rational spirit openly and maturely before they can deeply understand the truth behind the events, reveal the essence of things, and express their true thoughts, so as to make social progress. However, cyber-media violence often contains irrational, extreme emotions and remarks with obvious aggression and emotional catharsis, which can not only effectively promote the resolution of the incident, but also reduce people's trust in the government, and possibly lead to new social crises and social consequences. Secondly, cyberspace is a place where people can talk freely and communicate freely, but it is not a place outside the law. Behavior in cyberspace needs laws and regulations to restrict it. Normal operation of cyberspace needs the protection of laws and regulations. Law information, the "human flesh search" of others, malicious slander of the government, the image of the country and so on, is in fact a manifestation of the lack of legal awareness of netizens, in order to meet their "instant speed", to satisfy their curiosity, inadvertently violated the national law, was punished by the law. There are differences in nature, psychological quality and so on. There are different understandings of things in the network society and the real society. Netizens should understand each other, tolerate each other and communicate equally. Especially when discussing political topics, netizens should speak rationally and comment civilly. At the same time, the government should allow different voices to exist. However, the network public opinion violence obviously lacks these public rational spirits, replaced by abuse, libel, verbal attacks and malicious defamation of other people and the national image and so on. Points: Firstly, the unbalanced structure of netizens and the absence of netizens'public spirit are mainly reflected in the structure of netizens whose main body is the "three low" group and the deficiency of netizens' rational spirit and subjective consciousness when they participate in the expression of public opinion; secondly, the anonymity, virtuality and self-Media environment of the network public opinion environment. The fragmentation of network information; third, the imperfection of laws and regulations in cyberspace, the weakening of issues and the role of "gatekeeper" of network information in cyberspace, the inadequacy of network supervision and the inadequate disclosure of information; fourth, the imbalance of social structure in China during the period of social transformation, and the social resentment under many social contradictions in Cyberspace Network public opinion violence has a negative impact on the construction of China's mature network public sphere and is an infringement on the public nature of the network public sphere. Whether the normal operation of the network order or to ensure the safety of the network society, it is urgent to curb the spread of network public opinion violence in the cyberspace. The cultivation of sexual spirit, the promotion of Internet media literacy; the improvement of relevant laws and regulations, and the strengthening of network supervision; adhere to the correct guidance of network public opinion, actively guide network public opinion; promote social identity, resolve social resentment and other aspects, beyond a single dimension of logic, the overall consideration of social opinion, social mentality and the relationship between network public opinion, In order to curb the spread of Internet public opinion violence, and promote the healthy development of China's network public sphere.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C912.63
[Abstract]:As we all know, since the emergence of the network, it has played a "double-edged sword" role. While people feel the great convenience brought by the network, they also deeply realize that as long as there is a place for the Internet, every individual will be completely exposed to the sight of the network society at any time, so that it is trapped in the vortex of network public opinion. In the network society, the hotspot that the network public opinion pays close attention to can touch the country's economy, politics, culture and other fields. If the power of the network public opinion can be used rationally and rationally, and the opinions or suggestions with rational critical spirit can be formed, it will promote the rational and benign development of the country's democratic politics; if the network public opinion appears to guide unfavorable, it will be punished. If it is not properly handled and allowed to develop, there will be the possibility of transforming it into cyber-public opinion violence, especially when it comes to the political sphere. This violent force, through the channels of the network, will impact the political rationality and legitimacy. The main characteristics of sex.When netizens participate in the network society, especially in the discussion and evaluation of political and state affairs, they must have the ability to use rational spirit openly and maturely before they can deeply understand the truth behind the events, reveal the essence of things, and express their true thoughts, so as to make social progress. However, cyber-media violence often contains irrational, extreme emotions and remarks with obvious aggression and emotional catharsis, which can not only effectively promote the resolution of the incident, but also reduce people's trust in the government, and possibly lead to new social crises and social consequences. Secondly, cyberspace is a place where people can talk freely and communicate freely, but it is not a place outside the law. Behavior in cyberspace needs laws and regulations to restrict it. Normal operation of cyberspace needs the protection of laws and regulations. Law information, the "human flesh search" of others, malicious slander of the government, the image of the country and so on, is in fact a manifestation of the lack of legal awareness of netizens, in order to meet their "instant speed", to satisfy their curiosity, inadvertently violated the national law, was punished by the law. There are differences in nature, psychological quality and so on. There are different understandings of things in the network society and the real society. Netizens should understand each other, tolerate each other and communicate equally. Especially when discussing political topics, netizens should speak rationally and comment civilly. At the same time, the government should allow different voices to exist. However, the network public opinion violence obviously lacks these public rational spirits, replaced by abuse, libel, verbal attacks and malicious defamation of other people and the national image and so on. Points: Firstly, the unbalanced structure of netizens and the absence of netizens'public spirit are mainly reflected in the structure of netizens whose main body is the "three low" group and the deficiency of netizens' rational spirit and subjective consciousness when they participate in the expression of public opinion; secondly, the anonymity, virtuality and self-Media environment of the network public opinion environment. The fragmentation of network information; third, the imperfection of laws and regulations in cyberspace, the weakening of issues and the role of "gatekeeper" of network information in cyberspace, the inadequacy of network supervision and the inadequate disclosure of information; fourth, the imbalance of social structure in China during the period of social transformation, and the social resentment under many social contradictions in Cyberspace Network public opinion violence has a negative impact on the construction of China's mature network public sphere and is an infringement on the public nature of the network public sphere. Whether the normal operation of the network order or to ensure the safety of the network society, it is urgent to curb the spread of network public opinion violence in the cyberspace. The cultivation of sexual spirit, the promotion of Internet media literacy; the improvement of relevant laws and regulations, and the strengthening of network supervision; adhere to the correct guidance of network public opinion, actively guide network public opinion; promote social identity, resolve social resentment and other aspects, beyond a single dimension of logic, the overall consideration of social opinion, social mentality and the relationship between network public opinion, In order to curb the spread of Internet public opinion violence, and promote the healthy development of China's network public sphere.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C912.63
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