【摘要】：刻板印象是指人們對(duì)于某社會(huì)群體所形成的簡(jiǎn)單概括的看法，并且這種看法穩(wěn)定，較難改變，，與特定特征和行為相聯(lián)系。職業(yè)性別刻板印象作為刻板印象的重要研究?jī)?nèi)容，一直備受關(guān)注。高權(quán)力的人常占據(jù)重要的社會(huì)地位，其決策結(jié)果對(duì)社會(huì)和組織有的影響更大，因而了解高權(quán)力者職業(yè)性別刻板的特點(diǎn)及其干預(yù)策略，具有重要意義。 本文采用內(nèi)隱聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)來探討高、低權(quán)力者內(nèi)隱職業(yè)性別刻板印象的差異，并引入個(gè)體特征信息來探討個(gè)體化信息對(duì)不同權(quán)力個(gè)體刻板印象應(yīng)用的影響，最后探討意識(shí)性抑制能否有效的干預(yù)不同權(quán)力個(gè)體的刻板印象。本文首先從刻板印象的內(nèi)涵、測(cè)量方法和前人相關(guān)研究等方面對(duì)刻板印象的研究現(xiàn)狀做簡(jiǎn)單介紹。然后，對(duì)權(quán)力的概念、權(quán)力對(duì)刻板印象的影響進(jìn)行總結(jié)。最后，通過三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究探討權(quán)力對(duì)職業(yè)性別刻板影響，并嘗試探索意識(shí)性抑制對(duì)于不同權(quán)力者刻板印象的干預(yù)效果。 實(shí)驗(yàn)1的研究目的運(yùn)用內(nèi)隱聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)來研究個(gè)體是否存在內(nèi)隱職業(yè)性別刻板印象，以及不同權(quán)力感的人這種刻板印象是否存在差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)通過個(gè)體權(quán)力感量表對(duì)被試進(jìn)行分組，然后完成IAT測(cè)驗(yàn)，通過被試在相容和不相容任務(wù)上的反應(yīng)時(shí)來探究被試的內(nèi)隱職業(yè)性別刻板印象。結(jié)果表明，個(gè)體存在職業(yè)性別刻板印象，并且權(quán)力的效應(yīng)顯著，相比于低權(quán)力者，高權(quán)力的人有著更高的職業(yè)性別刻板印象。 實(shí)驗(yàn)2的研究目的是探討對(duì)于不同權(quán)力感個(gè)體，目標(biāo)的個(gè)體化特征能否很好的干預(yù)個(gè)體的職業(yè)性別刻板印象。實(shí)驗(yàn)通過呈現(xiàn)不同人物的照片以及不同的個(gè)體特征信息，讓被試迫選人物的職業(yè)。結(jié)果表明，高權(quán)力的人更多的依據(jù)職業(yè)性別刻板印象來判定人物的職業(yè)，而低權(quán)力的人會(huì)更多的考慮到個(gè)體化信息，判斷人物職業(yè)時(shí)會(huì)依據(jù)人物的性格特征。 實(shí)驗(yàn)3的研究目的是要探討意識(shí)性抑制這一刻板印象干預(yù)策略能否有效地減少不同權(quán)力感個(gè)體的職業(yè)性別刻板印象。實(shí)驗(yàn)給被試呈現(xiàn)一張女性經(jīng)理的照片，讓被試對(duì)照片人物生活典型的一天進(jìn)行描述。后進(jìn)行材料閱讀，并對(duì)材料人物進(jìn)行刻板評(píng)分。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，意識(shí)性抑制雖然能占時(shí)抑制個(gè)體的刻板印象，但在個(gè)體抑制解除后，會(huì)出現(xiàn)刻板印象反彈。 總之，權(quán)力會(huì)引發(fā)更高的內(nèi)隱職業(yè)性別刻板印象；高權(quán)力個(gè)體在判斷他人職業(yè)時(shí)會(huì)更多的依據(jù)刻板印象，較少考慮個(gè)體化信息；意識(shí)性抑制對(duì)高權(quán)力個(gè)體的刻板印象干預(yù)效果不明顯，在抑制解除后，高權(quán)力個(gè)體會(huì)出現(xiàn)刻板印象反彈。
[Abstract]:Stereotype refers to a simple and general view of a social group, which is stable, difficult to change and associated with specific characteristics and behaviors. Occupational gender stereotyping, as an important research content of stereotype, has been paid close attention to all the time. High-power people often occupy an important social position, and their decision-making results have a greater impact on society and organizations. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the characteristics of occupational gender stereotype of high-power persons and their intervention strategies. This paper uses implicit association test to explore the difference of implicit occupational stereotype among high and low power individuals, and introduces individual characteristic information to explore the influence of individual information on the application of individual stereotype of different power. Finally, this paper discusses whether conscious inhibition can effectively interfere with the stereotype of individuals with different powers. This paper first introduces the research status of stereotype in terms of its connotation, measurement methods and previous studies. Then, the concept of power, the influence of power on stereotype is summarized. Finally, through three experimental studies to explore the influence of power on occupational gender stereotype, and try to explore the influence of conscious inhibition on the stereotype of different power. The purpose of experiment 1 is to use implicit association test to study the existence of implicit occupational gender stereotype and whether there are differences in the stereotype of people with different sense of power. The subjects were divided into groups by the individual sense of Power scale, and then IAT test was completed. The implicit occupational gender stereotype was explored by the reaction time of the subjects on compatible and incompatible tasks. The results showed that the individual had occupational gender stereotype, and the effect of power was significant. Compared with the low-power, the high-power people had higher occupational gender stereotype. The purpose of experiment 2 is to explore whether the individualized characteristics of the target can well interfere with the occupational gender stereotype for individuals with different sense of power. By presenting photographs of different characters and information of individual characteristics, the subjects were forced to choose their careers. The results showed that the high-power people were more likely to judge the character's occupation on the basis of the professional gender stereotype, while the low-power people would consider the individualized information more, and judge the character characteristics of the character when judging the character of the character. The purpose of experiment 3 is to explore whether the intervention strategy of conscious inhibition can effectively reduce the occupational gender stereotype of individuals with different sense of power. The subjects were shown a picture of a woman manager and asked to describe the typical day of their lives. After reading the material, and material characters for the stereotype score. The experimental results show that conscious inhibition can inhibit individual stereotype, but after individual inhibition is lifted, stereotype will rebound. In short, power will lead to higher implicit occupational gender stereotype, high-power individuals will judge the occupation of others more basis stereotype, less consideration of individualized information; The effect of conscious inhibition on the stereotype of high power individuals is not obvious. After the inhibition is lifted, the high power individuals will appear stereotype rebound.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：C913.2;C912.6

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