物理學與社會科學關聯性探析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-26 09:48
【摘要】：自19世紀啟蒙運動以來,嚴格的社會科學理論才真正建立。但是社會科學的萌芽,誕生的過程與發(fā)展的脈絡卻可以遍及人類文明的整個歷程,尤其是與相對其他學科而言建立最早,發(fā)展最完善的學科——物理學——的每一次發(fā)展息息相關。物理學中重要理論的發(fā)現,偉大人物的誕生,甚至理論范式的更替,無不對成長中的社會科學理論與方法產生巨大的影響,甚至是根本的變革。所以,物理學與社會科學的關聯性問題就成為物理學家、社會科學家和科學哲學家一直以來非常關注的問題。這是對物理學與社會科學發(fā)展的重要反思與總結,對人類自身與社會各方面的發(fā)展有相當大的促進作用。本文在寫作的過程中主要采用了歷史分析法和比較法,在某些章節(jié)還運用了理論與實際相結合的方法和個案實證分析的方法。文章試圖梳理物理學與社會科學交互發(fā)展的歷史脈絡,揭示物理學與社會科學的緊密關聯,并嘗試著尋找社會科學在發(fā)展過程中的規(guī)律性特質。本文共分為五個部分,包括引言、三章主體內容及其結語等。引言部分首先簡要闡述了論文的研究背景及研究意義,并對相關研究領域的國內外研究現狀進行了整理,然后概括性的介紹了研究過程中遇到的難點以及本文的創(chuàng)新點和不足,最后對論文的研究方法進行了簡單的說明。論文的三個章節(jié),按照歷史順序深入剖析了物理學在三個代表時期對社會科學的重要影響。第一章是古代物理學與社會科學的萌芽。分別闡述了古代物理學的概念與范疇、亞里士多德(Aristotle)和阿基米德(Archimedes)的物理學原理,以及社會科學在物理學思想的影響下形成了時空觀、機械論自然觀和社會思想的雛形,揭示了,社會科學在萌芽階段受到的物理學思想的重大影響。第二章是經典物理學和社會科學的誕生。這一時期的物理學形成了機械論范式,在思維模式和研究方法上都對社會科學產生了深刻的影響,整個社會科學界形成了機械論范式和自然主義的理念,具體表現在政治學和經濟學領域中分別運用了物理學中的分解綜合方法和建立模型的方法,學科本身在這些方法的運用過程中逐步走向了實證主義。第三章是現代物理學與社會科學的發(fā)展。這一時期的物理學是重要的轉折時期,整個物理學的概念和范疇都發(fā)生了巨大的變化。機械論自然觀退出了歷史的舞臺,非決定論的系統(tǒng)的思維模式開始盛行,社會科學與自然科學趨向于建立統(tǒng)一的科學思想,由此催生了一系列新興交叉學科的誕生,社會物理學,經濟物理學,政治力學是其中表現較為突出的三門學科,它們的研究方法中都恰當的運用了物理學的成熟理論,使社會科學理論更加精確化、科學化。
[Abstract]:Since the Enlightenment in the 19 th century, strict social science theories have been established. But the sprouting, birth and development of social science can spread throughout the course of human civilization, especially in relation to other disciplines. Every development of the most perfect discipline, physics, is closely related. The discovery of important theories in physics, the birth of great people, and even the replacement of theoretical paradigms, all have a great impact on the growing social science theories and methods, and even the fundamental changes. Therefore, the relationship between physics and social science has become a problem of great concern for physicists, social scientists and scientific philosophers. This is an important reflection and summary of the development of physics and social science, and it has a considerable role in promoting the development of human beings and all aspects of society. In the process of writing, this paper mainly adopts the method of historical analysis and comparison. In some chapters, it also uses the method of combining theory with practice and the method of case study. This paper attempts to sort out the historical context of the interactive development of physics and social science, reveal the close relationship between physics and social science, and try to find out the regular characteristics of social science in the process of development. This article is divided into five parts, including the introduction, three chapters of the main content and the conclusion. In the introduction part, the research background and significance of the thesis are briefly described, and the current research situation in the related research fields is summarized. Then, the difficulties encountered in the research process and the innovative points and shortcomings of this paper are introduced in a general way. At last, the research method of this paper is simply explained. The three chapters of the thesis deeply analyze the important influence of physics on social science in the period of "three represents" according to the historical order. The first chapter is the germination of ancient physics and social science. The concepts and categories of ancient physics, the physics principles of Aristotle (Aristotle) and Archimedes (Archimedes), and the formation of the conception of time and space, the view of nature and the embryonic form of social thought of social science under the influence of physics thought are expounded respectively. It is revealed that the social sciences are greatly influenced by the ideas of physics in their infancy. The second chapter is the birth of classical physics and social science. In this period, physics formed a mechanical paradigm, which had a profound impact on the social sciences in terms of thinking patterns and research methods. The whole social scientific community formed the paradigm of mechanism and the idea of naturalism. In the field of political science and economics, the methods of decomposition and synthesis in physics and the method of building models are used respectively, and the discipline itself has gradually moved towards positivism in the process of applying these methods. The third chapter is the development of modern physics and social science. Physics in this period is an important turning point, the whole concept and scope of physics have undergone tremendous changes. The mechanistic view of nature withdrew from the stage of history, the systematic thinking mode of non-determinism began to prevail, the social science and natural science tended to establish a unified scientific thought, which gave birth to a series of new interdisciplinary disciplines. Among them, social physics, economic physics and political mechanics are three outstanding subjects. The mature theory of physics is properly used in their research methods, which makes the theory of social science more accurate and scientific.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：C1;O4-05
本文編號：2204483
[Abstract]:Since the Enlightenment in the 19 th century, strict social science theories have been established. But the sprouting, birth and development of social science can spread throughout the course of human civilization, especially in relation to other disciplines. Every development of the most perfect discipline, physics, is closely related. The discovery of important theories in physics, the birth of great people, and even the replacement of theoretical paradigms, all have a great impact on the growing social science theories and methods, and even the fundamental changes. Therefore, the relationship between physics and social science has become a problem of great concern for physicists, social scientists and scientific philosophers. This is an important reflection and summary of the development of physics and social science, and it has a considerable role in promoting the development of human beings and all aspects of society. In the process of writing, this paper mainly adopts the method of historical analysis and comparison. In some chapters, it also uses the method of combining theory with practice and the method of case study. This paper attempts to sort out the historical context of the interactive development of physics and social science, reveal the close relationship between physics and social science, and try to find out the regular characteristics of social science in the process of development. This article is divided into five parts, including the introduction, three chapters of the main content and the conclusion. In the introduction part, the research background and significance of the thesis are briefly described, and the current research situation in the related research fields is summarized. Then, the difficulties encountered in the research process and the innovative points and shortcomings of this paper are introduced in a general way. At last, the research method of this paper is simply explained. The three chapters of the thesis deeply analyze the important influence of physics on social science in the period of "three represents" according to the historical order. The first chapter is the germination of ancient physics and social science. The concepts and categories of ancient physics, the physics principles of Aristotle (Aristotle) and Archimedes (Archimedes), and the formation of the conception of time and space, the view of nature and the embryonic form of social thought of social science under the influence of physics thought are expounded respectively. It is revealed that the social sciences are greatly influenced by the ideas of physics in their infancy. The second chapter is the birth of classical physics and social science. In this period, physics formed a mechanical paradigm, which had a profound impact on the social sciences in terms of thinking patterns and research methods. The whole social scientific community formed the paradigm of mechanism and the idea of naturalism. In the field of political science and economics, the methods of decomposition and synthesis in physics and the method of building models are used respectively, and the discipline itself has gradually moved towards positivism in the process of applying these methods. The third chapter is the development of modern physics and social science. Physics in this period is an important turning point, the whole concept and scope of physics have undergone tremendous changes. The mechanistic view of nature withdrew from the stage of history, the systematic thinking mode of non-determinism began to prevail, the social science and natural science tended to establish a unified scientific thought, which gave birth to a series of new interdisciplinary disciplines. Among them, social physics, economic physics and political mechanics are three outstanding subjects. The mature theory of physics is properly used in their research methods, which makes the theory of social science more accurate and scientific.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：C1;O4-05
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