本文選題：非意愿性行為 + 未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性�。� 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：[研究背景]無論在發(fā)達(dá)國家還是發(fā)展中國家,都有大量的青少年遭受著非意愿性行為的侵?jǐn)_,非意愿性行為嚴(yán)重影響著青少年的身心健康。在中國,近年來通過報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電視等媒體報(bào)道的性騷擾、強(qiáng)迫性行為、強(qiáng)迫未遂、性交易/強(qiáng)迫賣淫等青少年遭受非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_的個(gè)案報(bào)道日益增多,青少年非意愿性行為已成為一個(gè)不容忽視的社會問題。但我國現(xiàn)有研究較少,且內(nèi)容和深度都很有限,研究內(nèi)容多局限于強(qiáng)迫性行為或性暴力和性虐待,未能全面研究非意愿性行為所涵蓋的多種形式(如短信/網(wǎng)絡(luò)/電話騷擾、暴露身體隱秘部位、肢體語言/象征物騷擾、被偷窺/偷拍、言語性騷擾、非意愿身體觸碰、強(qiáng)迫未遂、強(qiáng)迫性行為及兒童期性虐待等)；且調(diào)查指標(biāo)簡單、籠統(tǒng),缺乏明確的定義,絕大多數(shù)研究僅是簡單詢問調(diào)查對象是否遭受過非意愿性交行為或強(qiáng)迫性行為,沒有研究受害者遭受性強(qiáng)迫后的后果以及求助行為等。因此,我國青少年遭受非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_是一個(gè)非常重要但仍缺乏研究的課題。盡管在國外已經(jīng)開展了很多針對性的研究,但各國的研究結(jié)果之間差異很大；且性行為受社會文化背景的強(qiáng)烈影響,研究結(jié)果之間也不能直接引用和比較。 [研究目的]通過對上海市大學(xué)生和未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性兩個(gè)人群的非意愿性行為調(diào)查資料的分析,了解上海市青少年中各種非意愿性行為的發(fā)生比例和具體發(fā)生情況(施害者、發(fā)生地點(diǎn)、當(dāng)時(shí)的反應(yīng)及求助行為等),探討青少年遭受非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_的相關(guān)因素和所產(chǎn)生的不良影響。 [研究方法]本研究為橫斷面調(diào)查。調(diào)查對象是上海市三年級大學(xué)生和24歲以下未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性。兩人群采取了不同的抽樣方法,對于大學(xué)生對象,以上海市四所綜合性大學(xué)作為研究現(xiàn)場,于2009年5-7月采取兩階段隨機(jī)抽樣的方法來選擇；對于未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性,則根據(jù)方便抽樣的原則選取3家提供常規(guī)流產(chǎn)服務(wù)的二級甲等醫(yī)院作為研究現(xiàn)場,于2009年10月-2010年5月在計(jì)劃生育門診采取序貫抽樣方法選擇研究對象。在征得對象知情同意后,采用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助自調(diào)查技術(shù)進(jìn)行匿名調(diào)查,調(diào)查員僅在調(diào)查對象遇到困難時(shí)予以協(xié)助。調(diào)查內(nèi)容主要包括一般情況、自我評價(jià)和態(tài)度、健康危險(xiǎn)行為、性經(jīng)歷,各種非意愿性行為的發(fā)生情況、當(dāng)時(shí)的應(yīng)對方式、事后的求助行為和不良影響等。完成一次調(diào)查大約需要20-30分鐘。應(yīng)用的分析軟件為SAS9.1和Amos17.0,采用的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法主要包括方差分析、X2檢驗(yàn)、Logistic回歸分析、聚類分析、判別分析和結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型等。 [研究結(jié)果] 1.基本情況：共分析893名未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性、430名男大學(xué)生和667名女大學(xué)生合格樣本,平均年齡均為21.5歲。 2.非意愿性行為發(fā)生比例：調(diào)查對象遭受各種非意愿行為侵?jǐn)_的比例不一,但總體上,不論是未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性還是大學(xué)生,都有相當(dāng)高比例的調(diào)查對象遭受過非意愿性行為的侵?jǐn)_,尤其是女性對象。其中,女性對象中身體性騷擾的發(fā)生比例最高(57.67%-63.12%),其次是言語性騷擾和手機(jī)黃色短信騷擾(32.92%-38.23%)；男生較多地遭受過手機(jī)黃色短信騷擾、身體性騷擾、黃色Email/BBS信息騷擾和言語性騷擾(20.00%-36.51%)。值得注意的是,12.32%的未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性和27.34%的性活躍女大學(xué)生曾被迫發(fā)生性交行為,發(fā)生形式雖以言語說服/引誘為主(57.27%-65.71%),但也有11.43%-13.64%的女性受害者曾遭受暴力形式的強(qiáng)迫性行為；不僅是女性,5.88%的性活躍男大學(xué)生也曾被迫發(fā)生性交行為,且發(fā)生形式也主要為言語說服/引誘(75%)。調(diào)查對象報(bào)告遭受兒童期性虐待的比例也較高,16.69%的未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性、10.23%的男生和18.14%的女生報(bào)告在14歲前至少經(jīng)歷過一種形式的性虐待,其中以“施虐者在受害者面前暴露生殖器,,最常見(4.19%-12.74%)。 3.非意愿性行為的施害者：調(diào)查對象遭受非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_時(shí)施害者主要有陌生人、同學(xué)/朋友/網(wǎng)友/同事和情人/戀人/未婚夫,具體施害者比例各有不同,男大學(xué)生主要遭受來自同學(xué)/朋友/網(wǎng)友/同事等同伴的非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_(50.00%-86.05%)；女性遭受程度較輕的言語和身體性騷擾主要來自陌生人(42.32%-78.62%),嚴(yán)重形式的強(qiáng)迫性行為則主要來自情人/戀人/未婚夫(49.09%-62.86%)。絕大多數(shù)(79.39%-98.15%)女性遭受的強(qiáng)迫性撫摸、強(qiáng)迫未遂和強(qiáng)迫性行為來自異性,而男性則較高比例地遭受了同性的侵?jǐn)_(50%-57.58%)。 4.遭受非意愿性行為時(shí)的應(yīng)對方式及事后的求助行為：在遭受非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_時(shí),調(diào)查對象對不同類型的非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_的應(yīng)對方式不同。在遭受言語性騷擾、身體性騷擾和強(qiáng)迫性撫摸后,女性采取積極應(yīng)對(42.76%-59.63%)或“走開”(32.29%-56.29%)方式來應(yīng)對的比例較高,男生則多以消極方式應(yīng)對(63.64%-76.74%)；受害者對不同施害者實(shí)施的同一類型非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_的應(yīng)對方式也不同,未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性和女大學(xué)生易采取“走開”的方式來躲避陌生人的言語性騷擾、身體性騷擾和強(qiáng)迫性撫摸(43.24%-67.07%),而對來自同學(xué)/朋友/網(wǎng)友/同事的騷擾則易積極應(yīng)對(57.45%-76.32%)。在遭受言語性騷擾、身體性騷擾、強(qiáng)迫性撫摸和強(qiáng)迫性行為后,一半以上(57.09%-61.13%)的未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性、37.50%-46.51%的男大學(xué)生和42.86%-66.30%的女大學(xué)生受害者會向別人傾訴,其主要的傾訴對象為同學(xué)/朋友/網(wǎng)友/同事,其次為情人/戀人/未婚夫(妻)和家人/親戚；與男生相比,女生向家人/親戚傾訴的比例要高一些。 5.遭受非意愿性行為后的不良影響：在遭受非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_后,調(diào)查對象報(bào)告的不良影響主要為“情緒變壞”(8.55%-41.82%),女性受害者報(bào)告“對異性交往產(chǎn)生心理障礙”的比例也較高(7.36%-22.86%)。對不良影響嚴(yán)重程度的進(jìn)一步分析表明,女性對象遭受的非意愿性行為程度越嚴(yán)重,產(chǎn)生不良影響的比例越高(從27.75%增加到82.73%),且產(chǎn)生較嚴(yán)重不良影響的比例也越高(從11.45%上升到47.27%)；相對而言,非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_對男大學(xué)生產(chǎn)生的不良影響較少(11.11%-25%)、也較輕(產(chǎn)生較嚴(yán)重不良影響比例最高為11.63%)。 6.非意愿性行為發(fā)生的相關(guān)因素：多因素Logistic回歸分析表明,健康危險(xiǎn)行為多的對象遭受各種非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_的危險(xiǎn)性高(OR介于1.17～1.58),有兒童期性虐待經(jīng)歷和有多個(gè)性伴的未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性在15歲后易遭受強(qiáng)迫性行為的侵?jǐn)_(OR=2.42和3.88)。 7.不同類型非意愿性行為的聚集現(xiàn)象：根據(jù)聚類分析結(jié)果,未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性和女大學(xué)生都可被劃分為三類非意愿性行為模式組,多數(shù)對象(69.54%-88.01%)屬于不易發(fā)生非意愿性行為組,只有少數(shù)對象(2.55%-4.70%)屬于各種非意愿性行為高發(fā)組,其余則為部分非意愿性行為高發(fā)組。與非意愿性行為發(fā)生的相關(guān)因素類似,非意愿性行為聚類模式的影響因素分析顯示,健康危險(xiǎn)行為多的對象易歸入非意愿性行為高發(fā)組,即遭受非意愿性行為的危險(xiǎn)高(OR=1.41和1.69)。 8.強(qiáng)迫性行為影響因素的結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型：不論是未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性還是女大學(xué)生,在兒童期遭受過性虐待(總作用分別為0.309和0.048)和有多種健康危險(xiǎn)行為(總作用分別為0.162和0.106)者在15歲后易被迫發(fā)生性交行為；兒童期性虐待主要是直接導(dǎo)致未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性強(qiáng)迫性行為的發(fā)生(直接作用為0.256),而在女大學(xué)生中以間接作用(0.045)為主,且作用較小 [結(jié)論] 1.未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性和大學(xué)生遭受非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_較為常見,且非意愿性行為侵?jǐn)_對青少年的身心健康產(chǎn)生了不良影響。 2.女性青少年中非意愿性行為的發(fā)生存在聚集現(xiàn)象,多數(shù)對象隸屬于不易發(fā)生非意愿性行為組,只有少數(shù)對象隸屬于非意愿性行為高發(fā)組。 3.健康危險(xiǎn)行為多的青少年容易遭受非意愿性行為的侵?jǐn)_。 4.有兒童期性虐待經(jīng)歷和有多種健康危險(xiǎn)行為的女性青少年易遭受強(qiáng)迫性行為的侵?jǐn)_；且兒童期性虐待主要是直接導(dǎo)致未婚人工流產(chǎn)女性強(qiáng)迫性行為的發(fā)生,而在女大學(xué)生中以間接作用為主,且作用較小
[Abstract]:In recent years , there are few cases of sexual harassment , obsessive - compulsive behavior , forced attempt , sex trade / forced prostitution , etc .
However , it is a very important but still lack of research in China ' s young people . Although there have been a lot of research in foreign countries , there is a great difference between the research results of countries .
And sexual behavior is strongly influenced by the social and cultural background , and the research results cannot be directly quoted and compared .

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and specific occurrence of various kinds of non - willingness behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai through the analysis of the data of non - willingness behaviors of female students and unmarried women in Shanghai .

This study is a cross - sectional survey . The investigation object is a three - year university student in Shanghai and unmarried women under 24 years of age . The two groups adopt different sampling methods . For college students , four comprehensive universities in Shanghai are used as the research field , and the two - stage random sampling method is adopted in May - July 2009 .
According to the principle of convenient sampling , three secondary - class A hospitals providing regular abortion services were selected as the research field . After the subject ' s consent was obtained , an anonymous survey was conducted by means of computer - aided self - investigation techniques . The investigation included general situation , self - evaluation and attitude , health risk behavior , sexual experience , various kinds of non - willingness behaviors , the then coping style , ex post facto recourse behavior and adverse effects . The analysis software used was SAS9.1 and Amos17.0 . The statistical analysis methods adopted include variance analysis , X2 test , Logistic regression analysis , cluster analysis , discriminant analysis and structural equation model .

Outcome of the study

1 . Basic information : The average age of 1,430 unmarried women with unmarried induced abortion , 430 male college students and 667 female college students were analyzed . The average age was 21.5 years .

2 . Proportion of non - willingness sexual behavior : the proportion of female subject to various non - willingness behaviors is different , but overall , whether unmarried or abortion women or university students , there are quite high proportion of investigation objects which are subject to non - willingness sexual behavior , especially female objects . Among them , the incidence of sexual harassment in female subjects is the highest ( 57.67 % - 63.12 % ) , followed by verbal harassment and mobile phone yellow short message harassment ( 32.92 % - 38.23 % ) ;
It is worth noting that 12.32 % of unmarried and 27.34 % of sexually active female college students have been forced to commit sexual intercourse , although 11.43 % - 13.64 % of female victims have been subjected to violent forms of violence .
Female , 5.88 % sexually active male college students were also forced to commit sexual intercourse , and the form was mainly verbal persuasion / inducement ( 75 % ) . The respondents reported a high proportion of sexual abuse in children , 16.69 % of unmarried abortions , 10.23 % of boys and 18.14 % of girls reported at least one form of sexual abuse before the age of 14 , with " abusers exposed to genital mutilation in the presence of the victim " ( 4.19 % - 12.74 % ) . 3 . The perpetrator of non - willingness sexual behavior : The perpetrator was mainly stranger , classmate / friend / net friend / colleague and lover / lover / unmarried husband when the investigation object was disturbed by non - willingness . The male college students were mainly from strangers ( 42.32 % - 78.62 % ) , and the severe form of compulsive behavior mainly came from the stranger ( 42.32 % - 78.62 % ) . The overwhelming majority ( 79.39 % - 98.15 % ) suffered from sex , while the male suffered from the same - sex disturbance ( 50 % - 57.58 % ) . 4 . The coping style and subsequent recourse behavior when subjected to non - willingness sexual behavior : when subjected to sexual harassment , physical harassment and forced displacement , women responded positively ( 42.76 % - 59.63 % ) or " walk away " ( 32.29 % - 56.29 % ) in a positive response ( 63.64 % - 76.74 % ) ;
The victim ' s response to the same type of non - willingness sexual behavior is different , and unmarried induced abortion women and female college students are vulnerable to verbal harassment , physical harassment and forced caress ( 43.24 % - 76.32 % ) . The main tendency of the victim is classmates / friends / net friends / colleagues , followed by lovers / lovers / unmarried husbands ( wives ) and family members / relatives .
The proportion of girls to family / relatives is higher than boys .

5 . The negative effects of non - willingness sexual behaviour : The negative effects of the report on the subject were mainly " emotional deterioration " ( 8.55 per cent - 41.82 per cent ) , and the higher proportion of female victims reported " psychological barriers to heterosexual contacts " ( 7.36 per cent - 22.86 per cent ) . The further analysis of the extent to which the negative effects were severe , the higher the negative impact ( from 27.75 per cent to 82.73 per cent ) , and the higher the proportion of severe adverse effects ( from 11.45 per cent to 47.27 per cent ) ;
In contrast , the adverse effect of non - willingness sexual behavior on male college students was less ( 11 . 11 % -25 % ) , and also light ( the most significant adverse effect ratio was 11.63 % ) .

6 . The related factors of non - willingness sexual behavior : multi - factor logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of sexual behavior was high ( OR ranged from 1.17 to 1.58 ) . There were children ' s sexual abuse experience and multiple personality - associated unmarried women who were vulnerable to forced behavior after 15 years of age ( OR = 2.42 and 3.88 ) .

7 . Cluster analysis of different types of non - willingness sexual behaviour : According to the results of cluster analysis , unmarried artificial abortion women and female college students can be divided into three groups of non - willingness sexual behaviors . The majority of subjects ( 69.54 % - 88.01 % ) belong to the non - willingness sexual behavior group , and only a few objects ( 2.55 % - 4.70 % ) belong to the high incidence group of non - willingness sexual behavior .

8 . The structural equation model of the influencing factors of obsessive - compulsive behavior : whether unmarried induced abortion women or female college students suffered sexual abuse during childhood ( 0.309 and 0.048 respectively ) and various health risks ( 0.162 and 0.106 , respectively ) , were vulnerable to sexual intercourse after 15 years of age ;
Children ' s sexual abuse is mainly caused by the forced behavior of unmarried women who have not been married directly ( 0.256 ) , while in female college students the indirect effect ( 0 . 45 ) is dominant , and the effect is small .

Conclusion

1 . Unmarried abortion women and college students are more common and have negative effects on the physical and mental health of adolescents .

2 . There is an aggregation phenomenon in female adolescents , most of which belong to non - willing sex groups , and only a few are subordinate to the high incidence group of non - willingness sexual behaviour .

3 . Adolescents with multiple health risks are vulnerable to unwanted sexual behaviour .

4 . Female adolescents with children ' s sexual abuse experience and multiple health risk behaviors are vulnerable to forced behavior ;
Children ' s sexual abuse mainly leads to the occurrence of forced sexual behavior of unmarried induced abortion women , while in female college students , the indirect effect is main , and the role is small
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C913.1

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