發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-08 01:11

  本文選題：流動(dòng)兒童 + 社會(huì)排斥�。� 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)80年代以來,伴隨著改革開放的不斷深入和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,以及城市化的逐步推進(jìn),流動(dòng)兒童問題引起社會(huì)各界的關(guān)注。兒童是人類的未來,是社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要資源,流動(dòng)兒童作為特殊的兒童群體,他們在融入城市社會(huì)的過程中面臨著諸多問題。基于此背景,本研究以流動(dòng)兒童為研究對(duì)象,提出了以下研究問題:流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)排斥的表現(xiàn)及成因有哪些?流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入的需要有哪些?影響流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入的保護(hù)性因素和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性因素有哪些?如何運(yùn)用社會(huì)工作方法有效避免風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的干擾,有效促進(jìn)流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入?本研究希望通過回答這些問題,探討流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)排斥的困境,并通過社會(huì)工作方法進(jìn)行介入,促進(jìn)流動(dòng)兒童順利實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)融入,提升流動(dòng)兒童家庭的幸福感,維護(hù)社區(qū)及社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和諧,因此,本研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論意義。本研究采用定性研究方法,以南京市J社區(qū)為調(diào)研地點(diǎn),運(yùn)用訪談法(訪談對(duì)象包括流動(dòng)兒童、流動(dòng)兒童家長及社區(qū)工作人員等19人)、文獻(xiàn)法、參與式觀察法進(jìn)行資料收集;以社會(huì)排斥理論為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合社會(huì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)理論,對(duì)所收集的資料進(jìn)行研究分析,具體分析了流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)排斥和融入現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)影響流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行社會(huì)工作干預(yù)。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn):第一,流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)排斥表現(xiàn)為居住條件惡劣、學(xué)習(xí)成績較差、語言溝通障礙、身份認(rèn)同感模糊、同輩群體關(guān)系不融洽等;社會(huì)排斥的原因包括家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)收入低、區(qū)域教育資源分布不均、城市文化沖擊等。第二:流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入的需要表現(xiàn)為亟需改善居住環(huán)境、提高學(xué)習(xí)能力、融入新的語言環(huán)境、形成城市歸屬感、擴(kuò)展朋友圈等。第三,影響流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入的保護(hù)因素包括較強(qiáng)的生活自理能力、對(duì)新鮮事物的好奇心、更多的自主決定權(quán)、兄弟姐妹間的良性互動(dòng)、社區(qū)制度安排等;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素包括自卑膽怯的心態(tài)、學(xué)習(xí)能力欠缺、父母的物質(zhì)支持不足、父母的陪伴時(shí)間不夠、教育方式過于簡單粗暴、鄰里關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn)等。第四,通過開展自信心提升小組、親子關(guān)系改善小組、鄰里關(guān)系促進(jìn)小組活動(dòng),有效地克服了影響流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,促進(jìn)了流動(dòng)兒童的社會(huì)融入。研究者針對(duì)上述問題提出了政策和服務(wù)建議,包括加大對(duì)流動(dòng)兒童家庭的扶持、加快社會(huì)工作理念和方法的落實(shí)、優(yōu)化區(qū)域教育資源配置等,以期為促進(jìn)流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入提供參考性建議。此外,研究者期待在未來的研究當(dāng)中,能夠全方位地考慮到不同的系統(tǒng)層面,并使用多元化的社會(huì)工作方法進(jìn)行介入,同時(shí)通過跨社區(qū)研究和持續(xù)干預(yù),增強(qiáng)社會(huì)工作介入的效果,促進(jìn)流動(dòng)兒童社會(huì)融入,增進(jìn)流動(dòng)兒童家庭乃至社會(huì)的福祉。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the rapid development of market economy, and the gradual promotion of urbanization, the problem of floating children has attracted the attention of all walks of life. Children are the future of mankind and an important resource for the sustainable development of society. As a special group of children, migrant children are faced with many problems in the process of integrating into urban society. Based on this background, this study takes migrant children as the research object, and puts forward the following research questions: what are the manifestations and causes of social exclusion of migrant children? What are the social integration needs of migrant children? What are the protective factors and risk factors that affect the social integration of floating children? How to use social work methods to effectively avoid the interference of risk factors and effectively promote the social integration of migrant children? This study hopes to answer these questions, explore the plight of social exclusion of migrant children, and through social work methods to intervene to promote the smooth realization of social integration of migrant children, improve the well-being of migrant children in their families. Therefore, this study has important practical and theoretical significance. This research adopts qualitative research method, takes Nanjing J community as the research place, uses the interview method (including floating children, floating children parents and community workers, etc.), literature method, participatory observation method to collect data; Based on the theory of social exclusion and the theory of social ecosystem, this paper makes a research and analysis on the data collected, and concretely analyzes the social exclusion and integration of floating children. Social work intervention was carried out on the risk factors affecting the social integration of migrant children. The results show that: first, the social exclusion of migrant children is characterized by poor living conditions, poor academic performance, language communication barriers, vague identity, disharmony of peer groups and so on; The causes of social exclusion include low household income, uneven distribution of regional educational resources, urban culture shock and so on. Second, the needs of social integration of migrant children are the urgent need to improve living environment, improve learning ability, integrate into the new language environment, form a sense of belonging in the city, expand the circle of friends and so on. Third, the protective factors that affect the social integration of floating children include strong ability to take care of themselves, curiosity about new things, more independent decision, good interaction between brothers and sisters, community institutional arrangement and so on. The risk factors include inferiority complex, lack of learning ability, insufficient material support of parents, insufficient time of parents' company, too simple and rude way of education, alienated neighborhood relationship and so on. Fourth, through the development of self-confidence promotion group, parent-child relationship improvement group, neighborhood relationship promotion group activities, effectively overcome the risk factors affecting the social integration of migrant children, and promote the social integration of migrant children. The researchers put forward policies and service suggestions to solve the above problems, including increasing the support to the families of migrant children, speeding up the implementation of social work concepts and methods, optimizing the allocation of regional educational resources, and so on. In order to promote the social integration of migrant children to provide reference advice. In addition, researchers look forward to future research that takes into account the different systemic dimensions in all its aspects and uses diverse social work methods to intervene, while at the same time through cross-community research and continuous intervention. Enhance the effect of social work intervention, promote the social integration of migrant children, and enhance the well-being of migrant children's families and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C916

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