本文選題：梁漱溟 + 鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)��； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：在上世紀(jì)二三十年代,面對日益危亡的中華民族,不少有良知的知識分子紛紛加入到救國圖存的運(yùn)動中來,梁漱溟就是其中的杰出代表。他“以文化救中國”的政治主張,并以儒家入世的精神,深入到社會實(shí)踐,開展了他在山東鄒平長達(dá)7年的鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)運(yùn)動,成為20世紀(jì)社會改造的典范和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的先驅(qū)。 鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)運(yùn)動是梁漱溟哲學(xué)、文化思想以及他的社會價值理想在社會實(shí)踐中的具體呈現(xiàn)。他的哲學(xué)思想來源于西方的柏格森的生命哲學(xué)、佛教的唯識學(xué)以及傳統(tǒng)儒家哲學(xué)。梁漱溟是傳統(tǒng)儒家文化的堅守者,但他并不拒斥西方文化,他認(rèn)為中國文化本質(zhì)上并不反對西方文化,兩個不同異質(zhì)的文化可以做到溝通調(diào)和。梁漱溟反對唯物史觀關(guān)于意識和存在的關(guān)系,認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)力并不是社會發(fā)展的最高動因,人類社會發(fā)展的最高動因應(yīng)該是“人類的精神”。為此,他積極投身于鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)運(yùn)動,目的就是要“啟迪民智”,復(fù)興中國文化,他試圖以鄉(xiāng)村這一社會實(shí)踐基本層面的文化改造來構(gòu)建理想的社會新秩序,謀求中國問題的解決。 鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的具體載體是鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)學(xué)校,鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)學(xué)校是個教育機(jī)關(guān),更是一個行政管理機(jī)構(gòu),是將文化教育與社會管理融為一體的基層自治組織。鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的動力主體是農(nóng)民和知識分子相結(jié)合,以知識分子引發(fā)農(nóng)民“自醒”,激發(fā)其人生向上之精神。鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的制度設(shè)計是建立新禮俗,重新建立一團(tuán)體組織,培養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練農(nóng)民的組織意識和參與能力。鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的重要舉措是社會改良,包括鄉(xiāng)村自衛(wèi)、鄉(xiāng)村衛(wèi)生和移風(fēng)易俗等方面。經(jīng)過梁漱溟的鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)運(yùn)動,鄒平縣的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面都取得了巨大的成就。但由于其理論上的誤區(qū)和現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境所迫,鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)最終沒能如愿以償,以失敗而告終。 梁漱溟的鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)有著豐富的理論價值和實(shí)踐意義,但同時也存在一些誤區(qū),他以中國的特殊性掩蓋了矛盾的普遍性,否認(rèn)中國存在階級和階級斗爭。這樣,他的鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)就只能在原有的社會制度下進(jìn)行改良,沒有抓住社會問題的本質(zhì),這注定使他的鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)最終成為道德的烏托邦。但梁漱溟的人格精神是值得肯定的,他關(guān)心下層民眾,以強(qiáng)烈的政治責(zé)任感謀求中國問題的出路,并身體力行深入社會實(shí)踐,充分反映出他崇高的道德情懷。另外,他主張立足中國實(shí)踐,從中國文化出發(fā),反對全盤西化,以傳統(tǒng)文化融合現(xiàn)代元素的文化思想,不失為中國當(dāng)下現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)可供借鑒的本土資源。 本文根據(jù)梁漱溟的思想原著出發(fā),借鑒他人的理論研究成果,著重對其鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)理論與實(shí)踐進(jìn)行哲學(xué)思考,以探析其思想原貌,并以馬克思主義哲學(xué)基本原理對其理論誤區(qū)進(jìn)行分析,同時以唯物史觀實(shí)事求是的態(tài)度,評價其鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的得失,以資為當(dāng)今的中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),特別是農(nóng)村的繁榮與發(fā)展,提供有益的參考。
[Abstract]:In the twenties and thirties of last century, in the face of the increasingly perilous Chinese nation, many intellectuals with conscience joined the movement to save the nation, and Liang Shuming was one of the outstanding representatives. His political proposition of "saving China by culture", and with the spirit of Confucianism's entry into the WTO, went deep into social practice, carried out his rural construction movement in Zouping, Shandong Province for seven years, and became a model of social transformation in the 20th century and a pioneer of the construction of new countryside. The rural construction movement is the concrete presentation of Liang Shuming's philosophy, cultural thought and his social value ideal in social practice. His philosophy is derived from Bergson's philosophy of life, Buddhism and traditional Confucian philosophy. Liang Shuming is the adherent of the traditional Confucian culture, but he does not reject the western culture. He thinks that the Chinese culture is not opposed to the western culture in essence, and two different cultures can communicate and harmonize. Liang Shuming opposes the relationship between consciousness and existence in historical materialism, and holds that productivity is not the highest motivation for social development, and that the highest motivation for human social development should be "human spirit". Therefore, he actively devoted himself to the rural construction movement, with the aim of "enlightening the people" and reviving Chinese culture. He tried to construct an ideal new social order with the cultural transformation of the village as a basic level of social practice. To seek a solution to the Chinese problem. The concrete carrier of rural construction is the rural agricultural school, which is an educational institution and an administrative organization. It is a grass-roots autonomous organization that integrates cultural education with social management. The main motive force of rural construction is the combination of peasants and intellectuals. The system design of rural construction is to establish new etiquette and custom, to re-establish a group organization, to train farmers' organizational consciousness and ability to participate. The important measures of rural construction are social improvement, including village self-defense, rural hygiene and changing customs. Through the rural construction movement of Liang Shuming, Zouping County has made great achievements in social, economic and cultural aspects. However, due to its theoretical misunderstandings and practical circumstances, rural construction failed to achieve its wish and ended in failure. Liang Shuming's rural construction has rich theoretical value and practical significance, but at the same time there are some misunderstandings. He conceals the universality of contradiction with the particularity of China and denies the existence of class and class struggle in China. In this way, his rural construction can only be improved under the original social system without grasping the essence of social problems, which doomed his rural construction to become a utopia of morality. But Liang Shuming's personality spirit is worthy of affirmation. He cares about the lower class, seeks the outlet of China's problem with strong political responsibility, and goes deep into social practice, which fully reflects his lofty moral feelings. In addition, he advocates that based on Chinese practice, starting from Chinese culture, opposing the overall Westernization, and integrating the cultural thoughts of modern elements with traditional culture, he can be regarded as a local resource for the current modernization construction of China. Based on the original works of Liang Shuming and the theoretical research achievements of others, this paper focuses on the philosophical thinking on the theory and practice of rural construction, in order to analyze the original appearance of his thoughts. It also analyzes its theoretical misunderstandings based on the basic principles of Marxist philosophy, evaluates the gains and losses of its rural construction with the attitude of seeking truth from facts from historical materialism, and aims at the prosperity and development of modern China, especially the rural areas. Provide useful reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C912.82

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張艷兵;梁漱溟的“新禮俗”思想研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1941304