本文選題：社會困境 + 均等違反　； 參考：《沈陽師范大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：社會困境是社會交往活動中普遍存在的一種各方利益矛盾沖突的情境。環(huán)境特征、群體特征以及同伴的個體特征及相互作用都會不同程度的影響人們的合作行為。均等原則是社會困境中人們普遍偏好的決策分配原則之一,而群體中極少數(shù)成員違反均等原則和群體中絕大多數(shù)成員違反均等原則是現(xiàn)實社會中普遍存在的兩種情況。社會價值取向是個體行為決策的重要動機因素。處于成年早期的大學生的社會交往既是對青少年期的延續(xù),又對今后更加成熟的社會交往產生深遠影響。大學生群體的交往同樣會面臨各種困境形式,不論是學習互助、科研協(xié)作還是獨具特色的大學寢室文化,都需要個體利益和集體利益的權衡,研究大學生群體在社會困境中的合作行為具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。 我們通過實驗室研究的方法,創(chuàng)設某種虛擬的社會困境情境,通過兩個實驗來研究均等違反人數(shù)的多少對社會困境中人們的合作行為的影響,以及面對均等違反和均等違反的不同水平不同社會價值取向的人的心理和行為反應。實驗二在實驗一的基礎上改變具體的決策規(guī)則,提高了社會困境的沖突水平。通過對實驗數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析,得出以下主要結論： (1)在社會困境中,群體成員違反均等的信息反饋會影響人們在接下來的群體決策中的合作水平,均等違反后人們的合作水平顯著降低。與均等違反人數(shù)少的情況相比,均等違反人數(shù)多的小組成員對群體決策結果的內歸因水平更高。 (2)在社會困境中,相比其他價值取向類型,親社會型價值取向的人的合作水平更高。但是,這種合作水平上的差異在均等違反之后就不存在了。而且與其他價值取向類型相比,親社會型價值取向的人對他人的合作水平的預期更高。在社會困境中,親社會型價值取向的人對小組的集體效能感水平無論是在均等違反前還是均等違反后都要顯著高于其他價值取向類型的人。 (3)與均等違反人數(shù)少的情況相比,均等違反人數(shù)多的小組成員會體驗到更強的消極情緒；面對均等違反現(xiàn)象,與其他價值取向類型的人相比,親社會型的人體驗到的積極情緒更高,消極情緒更低。
[Abstract]:Social predicament is a kind of conflict of interests situation in social communication activities. Environmental characteristics, group characteristics, individual characteristics and interactions of peers all affect people's cooperative behavior to varying degrees. The principle of equality is one of the principles of decision making and distribution that people generally prefer in the social predicament, but the violation of the principle of equality by a very small number of members of a group and the violation of the principle of equality by the majority of members of a group are two kinds of situations that are common in the real society. Social value orientation is an important motivational factor in individual behavior decision-making. The social interaction of college students in the early adulthood is not only a continuation of adolescence, but also has a profound influence on the more mature social interaction in the future. The communication of college students will also face all kinds of difficult forms. Whether it is learning mutual aid, scientific research cooperation or the unique college dormitory culture, they all need the balance of individual interests and collective interests. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the cooperative behavior of college students in the social predicament. We create some kind of virtual social dilemma situation through the method of laboratory research, and through two experiments we study the influence of the equal number of violations on the cooperative behavior of people in the social dilemma. And the psychological and behavioral responses of people with different levels and different social value orientations in the face of equality violation and equality violation. Experiment two changes the specific decision rules on the basis of experiment 1 and improves the conflict level of social predicament. Through the statistical analysis of the experimental data, the main conclusions are as follows: 1) in the social predicament, the information feedback of group members violating equality will affect the level of cooperation in the subsequent group decision making, and the level of cooperation will be significantly reduced after the violation of equality. Compared with the low number of equal violations, the group members with more equal violations had higher internal attribution to the group decision-making results. (2) in the difficult social situation, the level of cooperation of the people with pro-social value orientation is higher than that of other value orientations. However, this level of cooperation in the level of difference after the violation of equality does not exist. Compared with other value orientations, pro-social value-oriented people expect higher level of cooperation with others. In the difficult social situation, the level of collective efficacy of people with pro-social value orientation is significantly higher than that of other value orientations, whether before or after the violation of equality. (3) the group members with a large number of violations experienced stronger negative emotions than those with fewer violations of parity, and in the face of the violation of equality, compared with those of other types of value orientation, Pro-social people experience higher positive emotions and lower negative emotions.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C912.3

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本文編號：1915136