本文選題：肢殘者 + 人因調(diào)適��； 參考：《華中科技大學》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：依照殘疾人剩余作業(yè)能力安置殘疾人就業(yè)，分層次、分類別設(shè)計無障礙作業(yè)系統(tǒng)是有效利用殘疾人資源的關(guān)鍵。殘疾人的作業(yè)能力評價是解決殘疾人工作設(shè)計的理論及技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。殘疾人作業(yè)能力評價是功能醫(yī)學、社會認知以及行為能力的多維度問題，旨在預測殘疾人從事特定作業(yè)的勝任度。單一的殘疾度醫(yī)學評價無法準確預測殘疾人的作業(yè)勝任度，評價殘疾人功能殘損對作業(yè)能力的影響需要綜合考慮殘疾功能與作業(yè)內(nèi)容。作業(yè)能力指標與作業(yè)內(nèi)容的相關(guān)度是能力評價信度和效度的前提，對評價結(jié)果的復雜信息處理及分類顯示是能力評價結(jié)果適用性的關(guān)鍵，需滿足殘疾人作業(yè)系統(tǒng)人因調(diào)適數(shù)字化設(shè)計的需求。 本文以占目前我國就業(yè)比例最高的肢殘作業(yè)者為研究對象，構(gòu)建肢殘者體力作業(yè)能力評價方法�；跀�(shù)字人仿真技術(shù)，通過對肢殘者在虛擬作業(yè)場景下動作姿態(tài)仿真，建立肢殘者作業(yè)能力評價的虛擬工作模擬器。肢殘者作業(yè)能力數(shù)字化評價模型以人體特征和作業(yè)參數(shù)為輸入，輸出肢殘者作業(yè)能力的生物力學分析，，并對肢殘者作業(yè)進行多能力差值進行多維度顯示，也為人因調(diào)適的決策提供定量信息。 首先，針對作業(yè)能力評價指標的作業(yè)相關(guān)度的問題，以識別肢殘者作業(yè)-能力差值為目標，提出了作業(yè)殘疾度的概念模型。用作業(yè)殘疾度來描述肢殘者剩余作業(yè)能力完成特定作業(yè)的勝任度，用工作要求與功能殘疾度的交集描述作業(yè)殘疾度。提出四要素模型描述作業(yè)要求屬性，建立功能殘疾度的生理指標域，生成肢殘者與作業(yè)系統(tǒng)四要素的交互模型，并以此構(gòu)建作業(yè)殘疾度的指標域。 其次，基于作業(yè)殘疾度的概念模型，建立作業(yè)殘疾度的分解模型。用生物力學參量描述作業(yè)要求、作業(yè)者特征以及兩者間的交互屬性，生成作業(yè)殘疾度的生物力學特征模型。提出一種殘疾人動作分析方法，將作業(yè)分解到基本動素層，基于多維動作分析表，識別出作業(yè)殘疾度的關(guān)鍵動素。采用定性定量相結(jié)合的方法，對作業(yè)殘疾度的關(guān)鍵動素進行肌肉骨骼及時間兩級指標的賦值，生成作業(yè)要求圖譜。作業(yè)要求圖譜為功能評定界定了多層次評價指標體系及方法；以作業(yè)要求圖譜為功能評價的基準面，用凹凸模型描述了作業(yè)殘疾度。 然后，建立肢殘者作業(yè)建模與仿真技術(shù)，對作業(yè)殘疾度關(guān)鍵動素進行仿真，為肢殘者作業(yè)殘疾度分析提供可視化平臺�；赑oser，提出了的肢殘者人體建模及基于功能約束的運動姿態(tài)仿真方法，在JACK下實現(xiàn)肢殘人體及運動姿態(tài)仿真，實現(xiàn)對肢殘者身體結(jié)構(gòu)、運動及生理機能缺陷的多級仿真。 針對作業(yè)殘疾度指標的實驗測量，以肢殘者爬梯作業(yè)為例，設(shè)計肢殘者爬梯實驗，并獲得手腳力量及手腳間距等關(guān)鍵部位的力學及運動學參數(shù)，作為特定作業(yè)者爬梯作業(yè)殘疾度測量的結(jié)果。以膝下假肢者作為實驗組，正常人作為對照組，對作業(yè)要求參數(shù)、人體特征下肢殘者手腳力量、爬梯速度以及表面肌電信號的差異性分析和回歸分析，構(gòu)建肢殘者爬梯任務模型，描述殘疾因子對人體爬梯行為的影響。該模型可在已知任務要求和評價對象人體參數(shù)特征的條件下，直接計算用以表征殘疾人爬梯作業(yè)殘疾度的生物力學參數(shù)。 最后，基于作業(yè)殘疾度分解及肢殘者作業(yè)仿真技術(shù)，提出作業(yè)殘疾度數(shù)字化評價模型。以爬梯作業(yè)為例，對模型的使用進行了說明。基于實驗測量的攀爬能力參數(shù)對肢殘者爬梯姿態(tài)進行仿真，在JACK平臺下實現(xiàn)作業(yè)姿態(tài)及作業(yè)殘疾度的多維可視化分析，經(jīng)與JACK生成的作業(yè)要求參數(shù)對比，實現(xiàn)作業(yè)殘疾度的多維可視化分析。
[Abstract]:Job ability evaluation of disabled people is the key to the effective use of the resources of persons with disabilities . The evaluation of working ability of persons with disabilities is the theoretical and technical basis for solving the work design of persons with disabilities .

Based on the digital person simulation technology , a virtual work simulator for evaluating the operation ability of the dismembersis established based on the digital person simulation technology . The digital evaluation model is used as the input of the human body characteristics and operation parameters to output the biomechanical analysis of the operation ability of the dismembersman , and the multi - dimensional display is carried out on the multi - dimensional display of the dismembersman ' s work ability , and the quantitative information is provided for the decision - making of the human being .

First , aiming at the problem of job correlation degree of job competence evaluation index , the concept model of job disability is put forward based on the difference between job - ability difference of the disabled person . The job disability degree is used to describe the competence of the specific job , and the disability degree is described by the intersection of the job requirement and the function disability . The four - element model describes the job requirement attribute , establishes the physiological index field of the function disability , and creates an interactive model of the dismembersman and the four elements of the operation system , and constructs the index domain of the job disability .

Secondly , based on the conceptual model of job disability , the decomposition model of job disability is established . The biomechanics characteristic model of job disability is established by using the biomechanics parameter describing the job requirement , the characteristics of the operator and the interaction between them .
The job disability degree was described by using the concave - convex model as the datum of functional evaluation of job requirement map .

Then , based on Poser , a simulation method of motion attitude simulation based on function constraint is put forward , and the multi - level simulation of the body structure , movement and physiological function defect of the arthropod is realized .

According to the experimental measurement of the indicators of the degree of disability , mechanical and kinematic parameters of the key parts such as the strength of the limbs and the spacing of the hands and feet were designed , and the effects of the disability factors on the behavior of human climbing ladder were analyzed .

Finally , on the basis of the work disability degree decomposition and the technique of worker ' s operation simulation , this paper puts forward a digital evaluation model for the degree of disability . Based on the experimental measurement , the use of the model is explained . Based on the experimental measurement , a multi - dimensional visual analysis of the working attitude and the degree of disability is carried out on the basis of the climbing capability parameter measured by the experiment , and the multi - dimensional visual analysis of the degree of disability is realized through comparison with the job requirement parameters generated by the terrain .

【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C913.69;R318.01

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