本文選題：反社會 + 極端事件��； 參考：《南京大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國經濟發(fā)展取得了顯著成績。然而,在經濟高速發(fā)展的同時,各類社會問題層出不窮,社會不穩(wěn)定因素日益增加,社會矛盾不斷激化。最典型的表現(xiàn)就是近些年來,各種群體性事件和個體反社會極端事件大量發(fā)生和曝光。相比群體性事件,個體反社會極端事件所帶來的破壞性程度和社會傷害甚至更大,個體反社會極端事件的頻發(fā)已經成為社會關注的焦點問題。所謂個體反社會極端事件是指個體因利益受損或遭受挫折,為宣泄心中不滿和怨恨,實施的針對不特定對象、目標泛化、甚至整個社會的,手段極端、殘忍,造成嚴重社會傷害和惡劣影響的犯罪事件。通過分析自2001年以來媒體公開報道的21個典型案例,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),個體反社會極端事件的行為主體人主要來自社會底層,工作不穩(wěn)定、生活艱辛。這類事件往往具有突發(fā)性,難以預防,個體反社會極端行為主要是宣泄性的和報復性的,為了發(fā)泄心中怨憤和不滿。行為人的行動目標不再局限于某一具體的對象,而是已經泛化為某一類人群甚至整個社會大眾。因此,個體反社會極端事件的發(fā)生實際上是一個從個體悲劇演變?yōu)榇蟊姙碾y的過程。個體反社會極端事件形成的邏輯起點在于個體悲�。簜�體受到利益和情感的雙重傷害。當個體遭受傷害時,部分人會采取制度化的措施爭取自己的權益,而結果卻沒有成功,還有部分人直接放棄制度化路徑,但不管哪種情況都說明對于這類群體而言,制度化利益訴求路徑行不通。這種情況下,制度外的方式則成為了唯一選擇。然而,制度外的方式也并不是對所有人都行之有效�！棒[”作為一種常見的較為有效的制度外維權方式,對于個體反社會極端事件的行為人而言則處于失靈狀態(tài)�！棒[”的核心要件是資源動員的能力,而他們顯然是不具備這種能力的。當這些本身就具有人格障礙的個體,長期遭受挫折和傷害又得不到社會足夠的支持和關懷時,人生的希望逐漸破滅,發(fā)泄和報復社會則成了他們的共同選擇。在分析個體反社會極端行為時,人們很容易將其歸結為各種各樣的個人原因,但事實上,社會結構性、文化性的問題才是個體反社會極端行為的深層次邏輯。從這個層面來講,社會轉型期,社會結構分化,不同階層、群體間的差距被不斷拉大,同時社會階層固化,社會階層之間的流動受阻。社會利益分配機制、社會利益保障機制、社會矛盾化解機制等機制不健全,我國社會已經進入了社會矛盾與沖突的高發(fā)期。我國的主流文化傳統(tǒng)鼓勵志存高遠,從小樹立遠大理想,然而現(xiàn)實社會結構并不為每個人的遠大理想買賬,因此,受挫成為了一種必然。這種背景下,社會怨恨情緒彌漫,社會信任危機重重。社會階層的分化與固化、體制性遲鈍、信任危機等折射出來的社會支持的不足致使一部分群體被永久地拋棄在社會結構之外。我國文化中素有“報仇雪恨”的仇恨文化基因,當個體被社會拋棄和傷害而陷入絕望,報復社會則成為了他們最后的瘋狂。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economic development of our country has made remarkable achievements. However, at the same time of rapid economic development, various social problems emerge in endlessly, social instability is increasing and social contradictions are constantly intensifying. The most typical manifestation is that in recent years, a variety of groups and individual antisocial extreme events have taken place and exposed. Compared to the group events, the destructive degree and social injury caused by the individual anti social extreme events are even greater. The frequent occurrence of individual antisocial extreme events has become the focus of social concern. The so-called individual antisocial extreme events refer to the injure and resentment of the individual because of the damage or frustration of the individual. By analyzing the 21 typical cases of serious social injury and bad influence, the author finds that the main body of individual anti social extreme events mainly comes from the bottom of the society, and the work is unstable. These events are often sudden and difficult to prevent. The individual anti social extremes are mainly venting and retaliatory, in order to vent their resentment and dissatisfaction. The action targets of the actor are no longer limited to a specific object, but have been generalized to a certain group of people and even the whole society. Therefore, individual antisocial The occurrence of extreme events is actually a process from individual tragedy to mass disaster. The logical starting point of the formation of individual antisocial extreme events lies in the individual tragedy: the individual is injured by both interests and emotions. When the individual is hurt, some people will take institutionalized measures to gain their rights and interests, but the result is not. There are some people who give up the path of institutionalization directly, but in any case, the path of institutionalized interest demands is not feasible for these groups. In this case, the way outside the system is the only choice. However, the way outside the system is not effective for all. "Noise" is a common comparison. For the effective way of safeguarding the rights outside the institution, it is in a state of failure for the actor of the individual anti social extreme events. The core element of the "noise" is the ability to mobilize resources, and they obviously do not have this ability. In support and care, the hope of life gradually disillusioned, and venting and retaliation society is their common choice. In the analysis of individual antisocial extreme behavior, it is easy to attribute it to a variety of individual reasons, but in fact, the social structural and cultural questions are the deep logic of the individual antisocial extreme behavior. At this level, the social transformation period, the social structure differentiation, the different stratum and the group gap have been widened, and the social stratum solidified, the social stratum is obstructed. The mechanism of social interests distribution, the social benefits guarantee mechanism, the social contradiction mechanism and so on is not perfect, our society has entered the social contradiction and impulse. The mainstream cultural tradition of our country encourages lofty ideals and lofty ideals. However, the real social structure does not pay for the great ideals of everyone. Therefore, the frustration becomes a necessity. In this context, the social resentment is diffused, the social trust is dangerous. The social stratum is differentiated and solidified, and the system is slow. The lack of social support such as the crisis of trust causes some groups to be permanently abandoned outside the social structure. In our culture, there is a hatred culture gene of "revenge and hatred". When the individual is abandoned and hurt by the society, it is hopelessness, and retaliating society becomes his last madness.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：C912.6

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