本文選題：新中國 + 治理　； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：首先，本文是從文化哲學(xué)和政治社會學(xué)的角度展開對當(dāng)下的政治學(xué)中流行的善治理論的考察和研究。從善治理論興起與發(fā)展的歷史中來考察其本質(zhì)和內(nèi)涵，明確其實質(zhì)和針對性。從表面上看，它針對的是傳統(tǒng)政治學(xué)的統(tǒng)治概念和思想，而從本質(zhì)上講則是人們對良好的社會管理方式的追求和理想狀態(tài)。它表明了在現(xiàn)實的社會發(fā)展中，政府的無力和市場的失效，還有公共社會的強大，這個內(nèi)在的要求迫使人們尤其是理論界和政府企業(yè)等社會實踐者將目光投向善治理論，以期找到解決問題的根本辦法。它強調(diào)的是面對公共事務(wù)時治理主體的多元化和人對社會各界積極性的有效發(fā)揮。以往政治家和學(xué)者都很難將重心放在鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)社會尤其是鄉(xiāng)村。但是中國共產(chǎn)黨的政治實踐卻在一開始就與鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)社會有密切的聯(lián)系，其理論成果也非常豐富，從某種意義上說鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)社會的農(nóng)民是革命的強大的主力軍，是中國革命的主要依靠力量。所以本文未做特別說明之處，均以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)社會為重點考察對象。 其次，本文重點從善治理論新中國的政治社會實踐的角度展開了對善治理論的實踐性考察，從而指出新中國的成立是傳統(tǒng)的社會管理理論的革命性變革，它從根本上改變了傳統(tǒng)中國的社會面貌，讓人民在政治上自由、經(jīng)濟上獨立，從而成為自己的主人。而這種變革恰好來自于新中國對整個社會經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)的革命性改造。新中國的成立和土地革命實現(xiàn)了耕者有其田，然后在社會主義共同理想的指導(dǎo)下，中國人民開展翻天覆地的社會實踐，發(fā)動了社會最底層和最深層次的革命性改造，從而打造了社會主義中國的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。人民公社的經(jīng)濟制度決定了它的社會管理制度，它的理想和目標(biāo)激勵中國廣大的農(nóng)民投身到社會變革的洪流，甚至形成了表演式的劇場社會。由于過于強調(diào)理想而忘記了其根本，，所以人民公社遇到了問題和瓶頸，并導(dǎo)致了人民公社的解體。然而改革卻存在著嚴(yán)重的矯枉過正的傾向，使本來過于偏重集體生產(chǎn)積極性的人民公社演變成了鄉(xiāng)政村治的社會管理現(xiàn)狀。然而它同樣存在著經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)與政治管理上層建筑不吻合的情況，所以這是對它進行考察和研究的基本點。 再次，通過對新中國前后三十年的經(jīng)驗與教訓(xùn)的總結(jié)，找尋善治最本質(zhì)的內(nèi)容和追求。指明新中國不是憑空產(chǎn)生的，她是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國人民經(jīng)過了長期的革命戰(zhàn)爭而爭得的勝利果實，新中國的成立是在對帝國主義、官僚主義和封建主義的革命性改造基礎(chǔ)上建立起來的。新中國人民的政治、經(jīng)濟和社會地位是與舊中國完全不同的。所以她所開創(chuàng)的是一個嶄新的天地和世界，人們的社會管理在內(nèi)容和形式上都完全不同了，所以這個改造是翻天覆地的革命性的改造，是任何時代都不可比擬的。新中國前三十年的實踐探索為我們提供了寶貴的實踐經(jīng)驗，當(dāng)然有教訓(xùn)，不過教訓(xùn)是在經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ)上存在的。改革是對人民公社時期的繼承和發(fā)展，它在這個基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生了巨大的創(chuàng)造力，形成了巨大的社會生產(chǎn)力。對于善治來說，改革為我們提供了更多的教訓(xùn)，這是需要我們認(rèn)真思考和對待的。繼承和發(fā)展對于我們來說有著太重要的意義，它需要我們有正確的方法和態(tài)度，悖論中有非常多的積極合理的因素，要承襲這些優(yōu)秀的內(nèi)容，讓我們的社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)更加有效地運行，讓我們不斷地接近我們理想的目標(biāo)。 最后，從人們的歷史理想、政治社會學(xué)和現(xiàn)實的文化哲學(xué)等角度展開了對善治理論的深層次梳理，指出了它是人們非�，F(xiàn)實的存在方式，而在這其中最為重要的仍然是其經(jīng)濟制度或者說是其生產(chǎn)文化，只要對這個根本性因素進行恰如其分的改造我們才能真正達(dá)到社會主義市場經(jīng)濟所期待的中國人民的尤其是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)社會的善治理想。 在最后的總結(jié)中又對前文的內(nèi)容做了簡單的梳理性總結(jié)，指出善治理論的追求和要點，提出我們關(guān)于社會管理和善治的一點希望。
[Abstract]:First, this article is to investigate and study the popular theory of good governance in the current political science from the perspective of cultural philosophy and political sociology. From the history of the rise and development of the theory of good governance, it examines its essence and connotation, clarifies its essence and pertinence. On the surface, it is the concept and thought of the rule of traditional politics. In essence, it is the pursuit and ideal state of a good way of social management. It shows the weakness of the government and the failure of the market and the strength of public society in the reality of social development. This internal requirement forces people, especially the theorists and government enterprises, to pay their attention to the theory of good governance. In order to find a fundamental way to solve the problem, it emphasizes the diversification of the governance subject in the face of public affairs and the effective exertion of people's enthusiasm for all walks of life. The politicians and scholars have been difficult to focus on the township society, especially in the countryside. But the political practice of the Communist Party of China has been closely related to the township society in the beginning. In a sense, the rural farmers are the main force of the revolution and the main strength of the Chinese revolution in a sense. Therefore, this article does not make a special explanation, and all of them focus on the rural and township society.
Secondly, this paper focuses on the practical investigation of the theory of good governance from the perspective of the political and social practice of new China in the theory of good governance, and points out that the establishment of the new China is a revolutionary change of the traditional social management theory, which fundamentally changes the social appearance of the traditional China, and makes the people free and independent in the economy. This change comes from the revolutionary transformation of the new China to the whole social and economic basis. The founding of the new China and the land revolution have realized the land of the tiller, and under the guidance of the common socialist ideal, the Chinese people have carried out the earth shaking social practice and launched the bottom and the deepest of the society. A revolutionary transformation has created the economic foundation of the socialist China. The economic system of the people's commune determines its social management system. Its ideals and goals encourage the vast peasants of China to devote themselves to the flood of social change, and even form a performing theater society. The people's commune has encountered problems and bottlenecks and has led to the disintegration of the people's commune. However, the reform has a serious tendency to overcorrection. The people's commune, which is too biased to the initiative of collective production, has evolved into the status of the social management of the township government and village governance. However, it also has no kisses on the economic base and the political management superstructure. Therefore, this is the basic point of investigation and research.
Thirdly, through the summary of the experience and lessons of the thirty years before and after the new China, the most essential content and pursuit of good governance are found. It is pointed out that the new China is not born out of thin air. She is the fruit of the victory of the Chinese Communist Party leading the Chinese people after a long revolutionary war. The founding of the new China is on imperialism, bureaucracy and seal. The political, economic and social status of the new Chinese people is completely different from that of the old China. So what she created is a new world and the world, and the social management of the people is completely different in content and form, and the transformation is a revolutionary transformation. It is incomparable in any time. The practice and exploration of the first thirty years of new China have provided us with valuable practical experience and lesson, but the lesson is on the basis of experience. The reform is the inheritance and development of the people's commune. On this basis, it has produced great creativity and formed a huge social production. Force. For good governance, the reform provides us with more lessons, which requires us to seriously think and treat. Inheritance and development are of great importance to us. It requires us to have the right way and attitude. There are a lot of positive and reasonable factors in the paradox. We should inherit these excellent contents and let our society. The modernisation of modernism is more effective and keeps us close to our ideal goals.
In the end, from the perspective of people's historical ideals, political sociology and realistic cultural philosophy, the deep combing of the theory of good governance is carried out, and it is pointed out that it is a very realistic way of existence, and the most important of which is still its economic system or its production culture, as long as it is just like its fundamental factor. Only by transformation can we truly achieve the ideal of good governance of the Chinese people, especially the townships and townships, which are expected by the socialist market economy.
In the final summary, a brief summary of the contents of the previous article is made, and the pursuit and key points of the theory of good governance are pointed out, and a little hope for our social management and good governance is put forward.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C912.82

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