本文選題：居住模式選擇 + 老年人　； 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：巨大的老齡人口基數(shù)使得中國的老齡化問題尤為突出。與此同時(shí),國內(nèi)較低的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平也使得老齡化問題的矛盾更加顯著。目前,各種養(yǎng)老政策的頻繁出臺,表明老齡化問題已經(jīng)受到中國政府的高度重視。而老年人不同的居住模式選擇會高度影響其對政府和社會的需求。所以,本研究首先通過理論和實(shí)證分析揭示了中國老年人居住模式選擇的影響因素,并進(jìn)一步通過城鄉(xiāng)老年人的差異分析,深入探究了這些選擇和因素潛在的作用機(jī)制。其次,研究基于中國和西方國家老年人居住選擇研究的對比分析,得到可能導(dǎo)致老年人居住選擇改變的因素,從而為政府實(shí)現(xiàn)鼓勵(lì)老年人居家養(yǎng)老提供針對性建議。最后,研究還通過對比老年人的實(shí)際選擇和傾向偏好,為進(jìn)一步探究老年人居住模式選擇的潛在限制因素提供實(shí)證支持。研究利用2000年和2010年中國人口普查數(shù)據(jù),揭示了中國老年社會的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢;基于2011年和2013年的中國健康與養(yǎng)老追蹤調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)性地對中國老年人養(yǎng)老選擇的影響因素和動態(tài)變化進(jìn)行了分析。研究通過回顧重要理論研究文獻(xiàn),歸納總結(jié)了西方老年人居住選擇的決策因素,并進(jìn)一步對中國老年人的特征開展深入解析,系統(tǒng)歸納了個(gè)人特征、家庭狀況、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件以及政策法規(guī)等四類重要因素�；诖�,研究首先構(gòu)建Loigt模型揭示影響老年人居住模式選擇的主要影響變量,并對比分析了城鎮(zhèn)及農(nóng)村老年人的差異。其次,應(yīng)用Logit回歸分析了改變老年人居住選擇的影響因素。最后,論文研究了老年人居住傾向和實(shí)際選擇的差異,并基于回歸結(jié)果識別了決定老年人居住選擇的限制因素。本研究得到三個(gè)基本結(jié)論。第一,老年人個(gè)人特征、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、資金狀況以及政策法規(guī)都是顯著影響老年人居住模式選擇的因素。而城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村老年人的主要差別在其遺產(chǎn)動機(jī)。第二,老年人醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支付方、孫輩的存在以及老年人的生活水平自評價(jià),都可能會導(dǎo)致老年人改變其居住模式選擇。第三,只有小部分老年人可以按照其傾向選擇對應(yīng)的居住模式,限制選擇的因素主要是健康狀況�；谘芯拷Y(jié)論提出以下政策建議。首先,中國老年人居住模式選擇的影響因素具有中國特色,因此中國政府需要制定有針對性的政策,而不能直接套用西方現(xiàn)有模式。其次,政府應(yīng)該更關(guān)注老年人醫(yī)療支付以及生活水平,并大力支持社區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展以保證醫(yī)療可達(dá)性,以達(dá)到鼓勵(lì)老年人居家養(yǎng)老的最終目的。最后,政府亦應(yīng)該推行適老型住宅改造,以提高老年人居家養(yǎng)老生活質(zhì)量并減輕公共財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān),同時(shí)通過稅額減免等政策鼓勵(lì)子女多承擔(dān)贍養(yǎng)老年人的義務(wù)。
[Abstract]:China's aging problem is particularly prominent because of its huge aging population base.At the same time, the low level of economic development in China also makes the contradiction of aging more obvious.At present, the frequent introduction of various pension policies indicate that the aging problem has been highly valued by the Chinese government.The choice of different living patterns of the elderly will greatly affect their needs for the government and society.Therefore, through theoretical and empirical analysis, this study reveals the influencing factors of the elderly's choice of living mode in China, and further explores the potential mechanism of these choices and factors through the analysis of the differences between urban and rural elderly.Secondly, based on the comparative analysis between Chinese and western countries, the factors that may lead to the change of residence choice of the elderly are obtained, which can provide targeted suggestions for the government to encourage the elderly to live at home.Finally, the study provides empirical support for further exploring the potential limiting factors of the elderly's choice of living mode by comparing the actual choice and preference of the elderly.The present situation and development trend of China's elderly society are revealed by using the data of the 2000 and 2010 Chinese population censuses.Based on the data of China Health and Old-Age tracking Survey in 2011 and 2013, this paper systematically analyzed the influencing factors and dynamic changes of the elderly's pension choice in China.By reviewing the important theoretical research documents, the study summarizes the decision-making factors of the elderly's choice of residence in the West, and further analyzes the characteristics of the elderly in China, and systematically induces the personal characteristics, the family situation,Economic conditions and policies and regulations and other four important factors.Based on this, first of all, the Loigt model was constructed to reveal the main influence variables that affect the choice of the elderly's living mode, and the differences between the urban and rural elderly were compared and analyzed.Secondly, Logit regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of changing the living choice of the elderly.Finally, the paper studies the difference between the living tendency and the actual choice of the elderly, and identifies the limiting factors that determine the residential choice of the elderly based on the regression results.This study draws three basic conclusions.First, the characteristics of the elderly, family structure, financial status and policies and regulations are the significant factors that affect the choice of the elderly living mode.The main difference between the urban and rural elderly lies in their heritage motives.Secondly, the payment of medical expenses for the elderly, the existence of grandchildren and the self-evaluation of the living standard of the elderly may result in the elderly changing their choice of living mode.Third, only a small number of elderly people can choose the corresponding living mode according to their tendency, the main factor limiting the choice is health status.Based on the conclusions of the study, the following policy recommendations are put forward.First of all, the factors that influence the choice of living mode for the elderly in China have Chinese characteristics. Therefore, the Chinese government needs to formulate targeted policies instead of directly applying the existing western model.Secondly, the government should pay more attention to medical payment and living standard of the elderly, and strongly support the development of community network to ensure the availability of medical care, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of encouraging the elderly to live in their homes and provide for the aged.Finally, the government should also carry out the reform of the aging housing in order to improve the quality of life and lighten the burden of public finance. At the same time, the government should encourage the children to take on the duty of supporting the elderly through tax reduction and other policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：C913.6;C913.31

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本文編號：1751072