本文選題：社區(qū)青年　切入點(diǎn)：NEET狀態(tài)　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：盛世中的中國,“溫室”時代的上海,正重演著英國與日本曾經(jīng)面臨的“恐慌”——NEET族現(xiàn)象。所謂NEET族,即那些處于"Not in Education, Employment or Training"狀態(tài)的年輕人群；為了避免“貼標(biāo)簽”與歧視,本文以“社區(qū)青年”這一特定名詞來替代NEET族及其他相關(guān)概念；本文中,“社區(qū)青年”的操作性定義是“處于NEET狀態(tài)的、居住在城市(上海地區(qū))的、生理年齡處于成年早期的年輕人”。這些處于NEET狀態(tài)的年輕人不僅沒有很好地完成“從學(xué)校到‘職場’的轉(zhuǎn)換”,甚至主動停留在“被供養(yǎng)”的生涯階段；人們也往往對他們投以“可憐、可悲及可恨”的目光；但是,作為生涯發(fā)展的主體,這些在與環(huán)境互動中看似“弱勢”的社區(qū)青年們對自己的生涯發(fā)展障礙與出路有自己的答案。本研究源自研究者自身的生涯發(fā)展經(jīng)歷：與社區(qū)青年們類似,研究者也屬于80后～90后,屬于獨(dú)生子女時代中的一員。在享受“溫室時代”之“紅利”的同時,社區(qū)青年們也不得不掙扎于時代巨變的洪流之中——廣義意識形態(tài)、社會文化乃至生活的方方面面都在發(fā)生劃時代的變化；在這樣的大背景下,個體的生涯如何發(fā)展?個體與重要他人如何互相影響?個體與社會的環(huán)境如何互動?更重要的是個體該如何自處(與自我的關(guān)系)?這些都是個體生涯發(fā)展中繞不開的主題。本研究采用了田野調(diào)查式的方法,通過訪談、觀察與生涯自述文本收集等方式得到了大量的第一手翔實(shí)資料；最終,本研究選擇了“小黛”作為核心個案,以其“生涯發(fā)展歷程”為時間維度,以其“生涯角色”為定點(diǎn)維度對其生涯發(fā)展的焦點(diǎn)事件進(jìn)行了深度剖析；在個案深度剖析的基礎(chǔ)上,輔以群體形象的建構(gòu)來進(jìn)行廣度補(bǔ)充。對“處于NEET狀態(tài)之社區(qū)青年的生涯發(fā)展障礙是什么?”這一研究問題的探究過程包括：首先,對核心個案成長歷程輪廓進(jìn)行概括,用以搭建生涯發(fā)展焦點(diǎn)事件的發(fā)掘與分析之平臺；其次,在此平臺之上,通過重要生涯角色的分析與對照,揭示了“生涯發(fā)展遲滯”現(xiàn)象的存在；最后,以“生涯發(fā)展遲滯”為切入點(diǎn),從對質(zhì)性材料的分析中完成社區(qū)青年的“生涯發(fā)展生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”的模型,并結(jié)合小黛的人格特質(zhì)分析對小黛的生涯發(fā)展適配模型進(jìn)行了假設(shè)還原,以前后模型的對比來展現(xiàn)“個體與環(huán)境互動”的過程與問題。至此,核心個案的深度分析為群體形象的廣度建構(gòu)提供了基點(diǎn)——小黛這一核心個案的“深度剖析”與其他個案的“廣度補(bǔ)充”組成了對社區(qū)青年群體生涯發(fā)展問題的“總體描募”�；谝陨戏治龅贸鼋Y(jié)論：首先,對“社區(qū)青年的生涯發(fā)展障礙”的界定——從社會現(xiàn)象的視角來看,社區(qū)青年生涯發(fā)展障礙的表象為個體處于NEET或相似狀態(tài)；從發(fā)展心理學(xué)理論的視角來看,社區(qū)青年的生涯發(fā)展障礙的實(shí)質(zhì)是生涯發(fā)展遲滯現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)；從存在主義哲學(xué)的視角來看,社區(qū)青年生涯發(fā)展障礙的本質(zhì)是缺乏獨(dú)立“自我”。其次,建立“社區(qū)青年生涯發(fā)展障礙的形成機(jī)制”的認(rèn)知——這類障礙的形成與“個體和微觀系統(tǒng)(主要是原生家庭)間的非適配狀態(tài)”相關(guān)；微觀系統(tǒng)(主要是原生家庭)塑造了社區(qū)青年的“自我中心”、“依賴”與“不信任”等負(fù)面人格特質(zhì),這些特質(zhì)導(dǎo)致了NEET狀態(tài)的延續(xù)；另一方面,社區(qū)青年自身所具有的“好強(qiáng)”與“期待改變”的天性蘊(yùn)含著對“自我認(rèn)可”的追求,由此自生出社區(qū)青年的自我救贖之路——“工作”、“興趣”與“信仰”；但是,無論那一條道路都不可避免地存在局限性,“自我認(rèn)知”的不滿足導(dǎo)致社區(qū)青年對“社會認(rèn)可”的看重,他們也希望外界對他們施以援手。最后,對社區(qū)青年生涯發(fā)展問題解決之路的感悟——對于社區(qū)青年個體而言,要努力在與環(huán)境的互動中生成獨(dú)立的“自我”；對于政府、輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)及家庭而言,需要拋卻歧視與指責(zé),尊重社區(qū)青年的主體性,唯有“理解”與“接納”才是幫助社區(qū)青年解決生涯發(fā)展障礙的關(guān)鍵。總的來說,本文對社區(qū)青年這一群體的生涯發(fā)展文化采用質(zhì)性研究的方法進(jìn)行較為深入的體察,針對社區(qū)青年的生涯發(fā)展障礙進(jìn)行了描述性研究,并在一定程度上建構(gòu)了其形成原因與機(jī)制的理解,得出了較為可靠的階段性結(jié)論。承然,本研究在個案選擇、個體與群體案例的結(jié)合方面尚存在欠缺與不足,這將是本研究日后努力的方向。
[Abstract]:In China , the " greenhouse " era in Shanghai , the " panic " _ NEET phenomenon in Britain and Japan is being repeated . The so - called NEET family , that is , those in the " Not in Education , Education or Training " state ;
In order to avoid " labelling " and discrimination , this paper replaces the NEET family and other related concepts with " community youth " .
In this paper , " community youth " is defined as " young people in the state of NEET , living in the city ( Shanghai ) , and the physiological age is in the early adulthood . " These young people who are in NEET don ' t do well the " transition from school to ' workplace " , even actively stay in the career stage of " being fed " ;
People often look at the eyes of " poor , sad and hate " .
However , as the main body of career development , these young people who appear to be " weak " in the interaction with the environment have their own answers to their career development obstacles and their way out . This study is based on the experience of the researchers ' career development : similar to the community youth , the researchers also belong to one of the only children ' s age after 80 to 90 days . In the meantime , the community youth have to struggle with the " dividend " of the " green house era " .
Under such a large background , how does the individual ' s career develop ? How does the individual interact with the important others ? What is more important is how the individual interacts with the society ? More importantly , how can the individual interact ( with the self ) ? These are the topics that are not open in the development of individual career . The research adopts the field investigation method , and obtains a great deal of first - hand and detailed information through interviews , observation and collection of his career .
Finally , this study selected " Xiao Dai " as the core case , taking his career development course as the time dimension , taking his " career role " as the fixed point dimension to the depth analysis of the focal point of his career development ;
On the basis of the depth analysis of the case and the construction of the image of the group , the research process of " What is the obstacle to the career development of the youth in the NEET state ? " The inquiry process includes : Firstly , the outline of the development course of the core case is summarized , which is used to build the platform of the exploration and analysis of the focal point of career development ;
Secondly , on this platform , through the analysis and control of important career characters , the existence of " career development hysteresis " phenomenon is revealed ;
Finally , based on the analysis of qualitative material , the model of " career development ecosystem " of community youth is completed , and the process and problem of " individual and environment interaction " are presented .
From the perspective of developmental psychology theory , the essence of career development obstacle of community youth is the appearance of career development ;
From the perspective of exisitalist philosophy , the essence of community youth career development obstacle is lack of independent " self " . Secondly , the formation mechanism of " formation mechanism of community youth career development obstacle " is set up , and the formation of such obstacles is related to " non - adaptive status " between individual and microscopic system ( mainly native families ) ;
Micro - system ( mainly native family ) shapes the negative personality traits such as " self - centered " , " dependency " and " distrust " of community youth , which lead to the continuation of NEET status ;
On the other hand , the nature of " good strong " and " expectation change " possessed by the community youth itself contains the pursuit of " self - recognition " , thus self - salvation of youth from the community _ " work " , " interest " and " belief " ;
However , regardless of the inevitable limitation of the road , " self - cognition " does not satisfy the value of " social recognition " caused by community youth , and they hope to help them . Finally , the understanding of the way to solve the problem of community youth career development is that for the community youth individual , efforts should be made to generate independent " self " in the interaction with the environment ;
On the whole , this paper makes a descriptive study on the career development obstacles of community youth , and constructs the understanding of the reasons and mechanisms of community youth .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：C913.5
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本文編號：1687457