發(fā)布時間：2018-03-19 19:42

  本文選題：家庭友好政策　切入點：女性就業(yè)　出處：《河北大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近百年來,人類勞動力市場最大的變化之一就是女性得以從繁重的家務(wù)勞動中解放出來,為勞動力市場提供了近一倍的勞動力資源,從而為男女性別平等創(chuàng)造了經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。但與此同時,婦女雖然獲得了進入職業(yè)市場的權(quán)利,其女性家庭角色和工作任務(wù)之間的矛盾卻越發(fā)尖銳,甚至女性天然具有的生育能力在職場中成為了阻礙女性工作職業(yè)發(fā)展的阻力,使女性在勞動力市場中處于不利地位。面對這樣的困境,某些婦女選擇為了生育和家庭犧牲自己的工作和事業(yè),但也有另一些婦女,她們選擇了自己的工作的同時以少生育或不生育為代價。二十世紀七十年代西方發(fā)達國家持續(xù)走低的生育率就是這一問題的具體體現(xiàn),隨之而來的是人口老齡化等一系列“低生育率陷阱”社會問題。為了協(xié)調(diào)女性在工作和生活中角色的沖突,國家需要制定一些列針對女性、育兒和家庭的政策來緩解這種沖突。在歐洲國家中,北歐地區(qū)表現(xiàn)出女性高就業(yè)率與較高生育率并存的現(xiàn)象引起了世界的廣泛關(guān)注。這一成果主要得益于北歐的福利國家制度,尤其是家庭友好型制度設(shè)計。本文從勞動力市場的角度出發(fā),分析北歐的家庭友好政策如何協(xié)調(diào)女性工作和家庭生活的沖突。首先本文對北歐的家庭友好性政策的發(fā)展歷史和制度特點進行全面梳理以及對女性就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀進行描述和分析;繼而在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上運用理論分析與實證分析相結(jié)合的方法,分析了家庭友好型政策對女性就業(yè)影響的作用機制和原理;為分析北歐家庭友好政策對女性就業(yè)的具體影響,本文選取歐盟統(tǒng)計局網(wǎng)站2005-2014年北歐國家政府在產(chǎn)假、父母假、間斷性育兒假和兒童照料方面的開支和20-45歲女性的就業(yè)率為樣本,使用面板數(shù)據(jù)回歸模型對北歐家庭友好政策支出對育齡期女性就業(yè)率的影響進行測度。實證結(jié)果顯示:北歐父母假政府開支總額和兒童照料開支總額對育齡期女性的就業(yè)率呈顯著正影響;此外,本文還指出家庭友好政策在促進女性就業(yè)方面存在的不足支出及原因,并提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。同樣,隨著“二孩政策”的全面開放和女性受教育程度的普遍提高,中國女性也面臨著工作-家庭沖突的困境,本文最后分析了北歐家庭友好政策對中國的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In the last hundred years, one of the biggest changes in the human labor market has been the liberation of women from heavy domestic work, which has provided the labour market with nearly twice the amount of labor resources. This creates an economic foundation for gender equality between men and women. But at the same time, while women have acquired the right to enter the job market, the contradiction between their family roles and their work tasks has become increasingly acute. Even the natural fertility of women in the workplace has become a hindrance to their career development, putting women at a disadvantage in the labour market. Some women choose to sacrifice their jobs and careers for the sake of fertility and family, but others, They chose their jobs at the expense of having fewer or no children. In 1970s, the declining fertility rate in the western developed countries was a concrete manifestation of this problem. A series of "low fertility trap" social problems, such as the aging population, follows. In order to reconcile the conflict of women's roles in work and life, the state needs to develop a series of targeted social problems for women. Childcare and family policies have been used to alleviate this conflict. In the European countries, the phenomenon of high female employment and high fertility rates in the Nordic region has aroused widespread concern around the world. This achievement is largely due to the Nordic welfare state system. Especially the design of family-friendly system. This paper analyzes how the family friendly policies of Northern Europe coordinate the conflict between women's work and family life. Firstly, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the development history and institutional characteristics of the family friendly policy in Northern Europe and describes and analyzes the present situation of women's employment. On the basis of previous studies, this paper analyzes the mechanism and principle of the effect of family-friendly policies on women's employment by combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis, in order to analyze the specific impact of family friendly policies on women's employment in northern Europe. This paper selects the Eurostat website 2005-2014 as a sample of the spending of Nordic governments on maternity leave, parental leave, intermittent parental leave and child care, as well as the employment rate of women aged 20-45. The panel data regression model is used to measure the effect of family friendly policy expenditure on the employment rate of women in childbearing age. The empirical results show that the total amount of parental leave government expenditure and the total child care expenditure on women of childbearing age. The sexual employment rate was significantly positive; In addition, this paper also points out the insufficient expenditure and reasons of family-friendly policies in promoting women's employment, and puts forward corresponding policy recommendations. Similarly, with the opening up of the "two-child policy" and the general improvement of women's educational level, Chinese women also face the dilemma of work-family conflict. Finally, this paper analyzes the significance of Nordic family-friendly policy to China.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C913.68;F249.1

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