本文選題：社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點(diǎn)：個(gè)體化　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文旨在研究中國城市中，社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)與個(gè)人生活際遇之間的關(guān)系。大量的市場轉(zhuǎn)型研究已經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)了各項(xiàng)正式制度對社會分層秩序的作用所導(dǎo)致的個(gè)人生活際遇的變化，而非正式制度（社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)）作為影響社會分層的資源配置機(jī)制，也得到越來越多研究者的關(guān)注。在中國的社會轉(zhuǎn)型過程中，一個(gè)重要的特征就是國家通過消除或減少之前的制度性支持為個(gè)體松綁，讓個(gè)體漸進(jìn)地直面充滿競爭與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的勞動力市場。在這樣的變遷過程中，個(gè)體的不安全感和對生活際遇的不可把握性是否會增加對非正式制度支持的依賴？對非正式制度支持的依賴以及熟練的操控又會對他們的生活際遇產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響？這些影響在勞動力市場特征不同的各個(gè)階段又以什么樣的方式呈現(xiàn)？上述這些問題構(gòu)成了本研究的主要目標(biāo)。 運(yùn)用2009年“中國大城市社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)與職業(yè)經(jīng)歷”（JSNET2009）調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，本文的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：（1）隨著勞動力市場的建立和逐漸成熟，市場渠道逐漸成為求職的主流方式，社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)渠道和混合社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)渠道也逐步增加并占據(jù)重要的位置。人們并沒有因?yàn)閯趧恿κ袌龅闹饾u成熟以及市場機(jī)制的逐步完善而降低對社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的使用，個(gè)體在從國家依附中“脫嵌”之后，“再嵌入”到了社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)中去。（2）在不同的時(shí)期，社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源起到了不同的作用：在雙軌制時(shí)期，社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源能夠?yàn)閭�(gè)體帶來特殊利益；而在其他時(shí)期，社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源可以保護(hù)人們不被配置到勞職無關(guān)的崗位上去。（3）社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源作為影響勞動力市場經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)的重要因素之一，在一定程度上削減了性別和體制工資差異，，而和人力資本的聯(lián)合作用則擴(kuò)大了勞動力市場不平等程度。（4）社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的動用與求職者勞動力市場情感回報(bào)之間存在著負(fù)相關(guān)。與未使用社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源求職的人相比，那些使用社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源求職的人得到的是比較低的工作滿意度。在工作單位，他們也要花更多的時(shí)間去和同事建立朋友關(guān)系，但是這一時(shí)間隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展而變短。這種轉(zhuǎn)變或許與轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期人們對使用社會關(guān)系求職的看法有關(guān)。 總之，在社會轉(zhuǎn)型過程中，社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為非正式制度支持的重要來源，在中國勞動力市場建立發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段，均發(fā)揮著重要的支持性功能。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between social networks and personal life opportunities in Chinese cities. A large number of studies on market transformation have examined the changes in personal life opportunities caused by the effects of various formal institutions on social stratification order. The informal institution (social network), as a resource allocation mechanism that influences social stratification, has been paid more and more attention by researchers. In the process of social transformation in China, An important feature is that the state unshackles individuals by eliminating or reducing previous institutional support, allowing individuals to gradually face up to competitive and risky labour markets. Will individuals' insecurity and uncertainty about their life experience increase their dependence on informal institutional support? What is the impact of reliance on informal institutional support and skilled manipulation on their lives? In what way are these effects present at different stages of the labour market? These problems constitute the main objective of this study. Based on the survey data of "Social Network and career experience in Big cities of China" in 2009, this paper finds that: 1) with the establishment and maturity of the labor market, the market channel gradually becomes the mainstream way to find a job. Social network channels and mixed social network channels have also gradually increased and occupied an important position. People have not reduced the use of social network resources because of the gradual maturity of the labor market and the gradual improvement of market mechanisms. After "de-embedding" from the state attachment, "re-embedding" into the social network.) in different periods, social network resources play different roles: in the dual-track period, social network resources can bring special benefits to individuals; In other periods, social network resources can protect people from being allocated to jobs unrelated to their jobs.) Social network resources are one of the important factors affecting the return of the labor market economy. To some extent, gender and institutional wage differentials have been reduced, However, the combined effect of human capital and social network resources has a negative correlation with the emotional return of job seekers, compared with those who have not used social network resources to apply for jobs, and the employment of social network resources is negatively correlated with the emotional returns of job seekers. Those who use social network resources to find jobs get lower job satisfaction. In the workplace, they also spend more time building friendships with colleagues. But this time is shorter with the development of the times. This shift may be related to people's view of using social relations to apply for employment during the transition period. In short, in the process of social transformation, social network, as an important source of informal institutional support, plays an important supporting role in all stages of the establishment and development of China's labor market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F249.21;C912

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