本文選題：女性主義　切入點：女性政治參與　出處：《吉林大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：女性主義(Feminism)又被稱為女權(quán)主義,是指以結(jié)束針對女性的性別主義傾向,促進男女兩性平等為目標的社會思潮和社會運動。女性主義的理論和實踐自從出現(xiàn)以來,經(jīng)歷了不斷的成長和演化,對現(xiàn)代社會的發(fā)展和人類文明的進步都產(chǎn)生了積極影響。女性主義的理論和實踐不僅促進了女性社會地位的提高,還有力地推動了女性政治參與。女性主義理論和實踐對女性政治參與的積極影響有著多方面的表現(xiàn)。首先,女性主義消解了女性政治參與的文化障礙;其次,女性主義喚醒并激發(fā)了女性政治參與的主體意識;再次,女性主義的開展對世界上很多國家的政府和立法機關(guān)施加了一定壓力,使有利于女性政治參與的法律和制度框架得以構(gòu)建;最后,女性主義的開展拓寬了女性政治參與的空間,為女性政治參與開辟了新領(lǐng)域。西方國家是女性主義的發(fā)源地。西方國家在以女性主義推動女性社會地位提高和改善女性政治參與方面積累了很多成功的經(jīng)驗。經(jīng)驗中的關(guān)鍵一點,是通過女性主義的開展,促使國家在法律和政策層面為女性政治參與提供保障,并設立有利于女性在政治領(lǐng)域脫穎而出的選舉制度,從而提升女性的政治表現(xiàn)。此外,女性主義對覆蓋所有女性教育權(quán)利和社會保障制度的爭取,也極大地推動了女性社會地位的提高和女性政治參與的進程。盡管西方女性主義取得了種種成就,但由于女性主義的流派和立場的多樣化,它們之間常常會因為觀點的不統(tǒng)一甚至矛盾而造成力量的分化,從而削弱了其在理論和實踐方面的影響力。因此,促進女性主義各派別之間的聯(lián)系與對話,減少觀點差別所造成的內(nèi)耗,是西方女性主義開展中所得出的非常重要的教訓。此外,發(fā)展中國家也有許多以女性主義帶動女性政治參與的良好經(jīng)驗。例如,東南亞地區(qū)國家的女性解放運動,在西方女性主義以自由、平等為根本思想的基礎(chǔ)上,在國家獨立、民族解放和宗教多重因素的影響下,大力發(fā)展女性政治參與,為世界范圍內(nèi)女性解放運動增添了濃重的一筆。對國外女性主義開展的經(jīng)驗教訓進行總結(jié),可以為改善中國的女性社會地位和女性政治參與狀況提供借鑒。嚴格意義上說,中國并沒有完整的、自成體系的女性主義。中國的女性主義是在結(jié)合西方女性主義和本土國情之后形成的中國化的女性主義。更確切地說,中國的女性解放運動和女性政治參與都是在西方女性主義傳入中國后,隨著社會的發(fā)展一步一步推進的。中國的女性主義發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了較為曲折的歷程。在中國封建色彩濃厚的傳統(tǒng)文化中,女性的地位比較低下,基本權(quán)利沒有得到尊重和承認。在清朝末年的維新運動中,中國的女性主義已經(jīng)開始醞釀。在推翻封建專制制度的資產(chǎn)階級舊民主主義革命中,女性發(fā)揮了積極的作用。中國共產(chǎn)黨非常重視女性的作用,并鼓勵女性參與到其所領(lǐng)導的新民主主義革命和社會主義革命之中,從而把女性解放與國家富強緊密結(jié)合起來。改革開放以來,隨著中西方思想和文化交往的日益緊密,中國女性主義的發(fā)展又迎來了新的契機。今天,中國女性的社會地位和政治參與狀況仍然沒有達到理想的程度,為了改變這種局面,應該為女性主義的健康發(fā)展創(chuàng)造環(huán)境,發(fā)揮女性主義在維護女性權(quán)益和推動女性政治參與中的積極作用。全球化的不斷推進和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日益普及是當前女性主義開展和女性政治實踐的時代背景。全球化和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一方面使女性主義的理論和實踐出現(xiàn)了比以往更為復雜的形勢,而另一方面也為問題的討論和解決提供了前有未有的便利通道。積極融入全球化和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代,充分利用它們所帶來的便利條件,以此來推動中國的女性政治參與和女性進步事業(yè)的發(fā)展,是中國在新形勢下的必然選擇。
[Abstract]:Feminism (Feminism) also known as feminism, refers to the end of the Gender Tendency of women, promote gender equality as the goal of social thought and social movement. The feminist theory and practice since the emergence, growth and evolution has experienced, have a positive impact on the development of modern society and the progress of human civilization. The theory and practice of feminism has not only promoted the improvement of women's social status, and effectively promoted women's political participation. The feminist theory and practice there are many aspects of the performance of the positive impact of women's political participation. First of all, feminism deconstructs the cultural barriers of women's participation in politics; secondly, feminism awakened and inspired the main women's political participation consciousness; thirdly, feminism to carry out the government and the legislature of many countries in the world exert a certain pressure, That is conducive to the legal and institutional framework of women's political participation is constructed; finally, the development of feminism broadens women's political participation in space, has opened up a new field for women's political participation. The western countries are the birthplace of feminism. In western countries to promote feminist women's social status and improve women's political participation has accumulated a lot of successful experience. Experience in the key point, through the feminist development, prompting countries in the legal and policy level to provide protection for women's political participation, and set up to female talent shows itself in the political field of electoral system, so as to enhance the political performance of women. In addition, the feminist fight for the rights of all women covered education and social security system, but also greatly promoted the improvement of social status of women and women's political participation in the process. Despite the Western Feminism Its achievements, but because of the diversification of the feminist genre and stand between them, often because of the inconsistent and even contradictory views caused by power differentiation, thus weakening the influence in the aspects of theory and practice. Therefore, to promote the contact and dialogue between feminism factions, the internal friction caused by different view the development of western feminism is very important lesson in the developing countries. In addition, there are also many feminist drive good experience in women's political participation. For example, countries in Southeast Asia. The women's liberation movement, feminism in the west to freedom, equality and fundamental basis for thought, in the national independence, national influence the liberation and the religion of multiple factors, vigorously develop the women's political participation, for the world women's Liberation Movement added a heavy sum of foreign women. To carry out the experience and lessons meaning are summarized, which can provide a reference for the improvement of the social status of women and women's political participation in China. Strictly speaking, Chinese did not complete, since the feminist feminist system. Chinese is formed after the combination of western feminism and the soil conditions of the China of feminism. More precisely, the women's Liberation Movement and women's political participation China are in the Western feminist Chinese introduction, with the development of society step by step. The development of feminism China has experienced a course of more twists and turns. In the China feudal color strong traditional culture, the status of women is relatively low. The basic rights are not respected and recognized. In the late Qing Dynasty reform movement, the feminist China has started brewing. In the overthrow of the feudal autocratic system of the old bourgeois democracy The meaning of revolution, women play a positive role. Chinese Communist Party attaches great importance to the role of women, and encourage women to participate in the leadership of the new democratic revolution and socialist revolution, and the women's Liberation and prosperity of the country together. Since the reform and opening up, with the western thoughts and cultural exchanges have become increasingly close, the development of China the feminism has ushered in a new opportunity. Today, social status and political participation Chinese women still did not reach the ideal level, in order to change this situation, should the healthy development of feminist creation environment, play a feminist in the maintenance of women's rights and promote the positive role of women's political participation in the globalization. With the increasing popularity of the Internet is the current development of feminism and female political practice background of globalization and the Internet. We make The theory and practice of feminism appeared more complicated situation than in the past, and on the other hand, to discuss and solve problems provide a convenient channel. Before not actively integrate into the globalization and Internet era, take advantage of what they bring, in order to promote the development of women's political participation and advancement of women the China, Chinese is an inevitable choice in the new situation.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：C913.68;D034.5
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本文編號：1586685