本文關(guān)鍵詞： 精神贍養(yǎng) 老齡人口 影響因素　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：養(yǎng)老保障是社會(huì)保障的核心,是關(guān)乎老齡人口能否獲得晚年幸福的大計(jì),是千千萬萬個(gè)家庭和諧美滿的必要條件。隨著中國老齡化程度的加深,老齡化速度的加快,加之未富先老的影響,中國的老齡問題面臨著諸多的考驗(yàn)。實(shí)際上,在老齡化這一問題上,吉林省之于中國正如中國之于世界,中國面臨著未富先老和老齡化程度深的挑戰(zhàn),而吉林省也同樣,經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)而老齡化程度卻在加深。在這樣的背景下,關(guān)注養(yǎng)老保障,關(guān)注老齡人口的養(yǎng)老問題便成為社會(huì)各界以及學(xué)者的關(guān)注之題。從根本上講,做好老齡工作可以從兩個(gè)方面做起:一方面是從物質(zhì)上滿足老年人的基本生活需求,另一方面是從精神上、心理上滿足老年人合理正當(dāng)?shù)木裥枨蟆?隨著中國國力的增強(qiáng),人民的生活水平有了普遍的大幅度改善,吉林省在全國雖然算不上富裕的省份,但本次調(diào)查顯示,絕大多數(shù)老年人經(jīng)濟(jì)上可以獨(dú)立而不再需要子女的全額供養(yǎng)。物質(zhì)贍養(yǎng)方面已經(jīng)達(dá)到滿意的水平�，F(xiàn)在工作的側(cè)重點(diǎn)則應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)向問題逐步凸顯的精神贍養(yǎng)方面。本次調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),吉林省老齡人口精神贍養(yǎng)狀況的受關(guān)注度不足,多數(shù)老年人在出現(xiàn)持續(xù)性情緒低落情況下并沒有選擇治療,極易影響到老年人的身心健康;家庭成員對(duì)老年人的生活照料不足,尤其對(duì)是生活不能自理或半自理的老年人,從長遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展來看,未來老年人的子女?dāng)?shù)會(huì)更少,更容易造成老年人得到的生活照料嚴(yán)重不足,致使老年人得到的精神贍養(yǎng)供給也嚴(yán)重缺乏,不利于老年人的晚年生活;老齡人口社會(huì)參與度較低,只有20%的老年人參加了社區(qū)(村)里的活動(dòng);老齡人口精神贍養(yǎng)的法律環(huán)境缺失,法律做為外部環(huán)境本應(yīng)起著保駕護(hù)航的作用,然而現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是相關(guān)法律缺失,無法利用強(qiáng)制力監(jiān)督老齡工作的開展。 這是由于很多因素綜合作用造成的。市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的出現(xiàn)和家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,使得對(duì)老年人精神贍養(yǎng)的供給減少,然而隨著老年人物質(zhì)層面需求得以滿足,他們開始重視自己的精神需求,供求嚴(yán)重不平衡,致使目前吉林省老齡人口的精神贍養(yǎng)問題凸顯。做為老年人中一個(gè)特殊的群體——空巢老人,其精神需求在子女那里更加難以滿足,所以也加劇了全省老年人精神贍養(yǎng)問題的嚴(yán)重程度。老年人精神贍養(yǎng)不僅關(guān)乎老年人自身的健康、幸福,它還是維系代際和諧的有效手段,更是老齡化社會(huì)發(fā)揚(yáng)優(yōu)良道德傳統(tǒng)的需求。為了做好老年人的精神贍養(yǎng)工作,必須要探尋出其影響因素。本文通過對(duì)中法合作社會(huì)保障項(xiàng)目調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,得出以下結(jié)論:經(jīng)濟(jì)支持無法提高老年人的精神贍養(yǎng)質(zhì)量,生活照料也只起到微小的作用,情感支持和社會(huì)參與度才是影響老年人精神贍養(yǎng)質(zhì)量的重要因素,其中子女與老年人的聯(lián)系頻率、婚姻狀況都對(duì)精神贍養(yǎng)質(zhì)量起著正向的作用。社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位對(duì)于老年人精神贍養(yǎng)質(zhì)量的作用比較復(fù)雜,具體來說,教育程度和經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況并無太大的作用,而職業(yè)地位則對(duì)其有著一定影響,穩(wěn)定性較高的工作給老年人的精神贍養(yǎng)質(zhì)量更高一些。在對(duì)新加坡、日本、韓國關(guān)于老年人精神贍養(yǎng)質(zhì)量的規(guī)定及做法的借鑒基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了幾點(diǎn)完善老齡人口精神贍養(yǎng)的對(duì)策與建議。以完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī)為前提,以增強(qiáng)老年人自身的精神贍養(yǎng)意識(shí)及能力為根本,提高其社會(huì)參與度,在最大限度發(fā)揮家庭精神贍養(yǎng)作用的基礎(chǔ)上,適當(dāng)發(fā)展社區(qū)養(yǎng)老,五個(gè)方面共同發(fā)揮作用,提高老齡人口的精神贍養(yǎng)質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:The old-age security is the core of social security, is related to the aging population can be obtained for a happy old age, is a necessary condition for a harmonious and happy family of thousands on thousands of Chinese. With the deepening of aging, the aging speed, and with the not rich first old aging effect, Chinese faces many challenges. In fact, of the problem of aging in Jilin Province, to China as Chinese in the world, Chinese facing the old before getting rich and the aging degree of the deep challenge, and also in Jilin Province, economic underdevelopment and the degree of aging is in depth. In this context, pay attention to old-age security, pay attention to the pension problem the aging population has become the community and scholars pay attention to the problem. Fundamentally speaking, good aging work can start from two aspects: one is the demand from the material to meet the basic livelihood of the elderly, on the other hand It is mentally and psychologically to satisfy the rational and legitimate spiritual needs of the elderly.
With the increase of Chinese national strength and people's living standard has been greatly improved in general, Jilin Province in the country although not wealthy provinces, but the survey showed that the vast majority of the elderly, the economic independence and the children no longer need full support. The material support aspects has now achieved a satisfactory level. The focus should be to gradually highlight the spiritual support. The survey found that the aging population of Jilin province mental health condition of the degree of concern, the majority of the elderly in the persistent depressed situation and have no treatment, easy to affect the health of the elderly; family members of the elderly lack of life care, especially to life can not take care of themselves or take care of the elderly, from the long-term development perspective, the future number of children aged less, more likely to cause the elderly A serious shortage of life care, the elderly get spiritual support supply is serious lack, not conducive to the elderly population aging; social participation is low, only 20% of the elderly in the community (Village) activities in the legal environment; lack of spiritual support of the aging population, the law is done for the external environment we should play the role of escort, but the reality is the lack of relevant laws, not by compulsory supervision and aging work.
This is due to the comprehensive effect of many factors. The changes of the market economy and the structure of the family, so as to reduce the supply of mental support for the elderly, but with the material level to meet the demand of elderly people, they began to pay attention to their spiritual needs, supply and demand imbalance, resulting in the current aging population in Jilin Province, the spirit of the maintenance problems highlighted. As a special group of elderly people -- Empty Nester, more difficult to meet their spiritual needs in children there, so also increased the severity of the elderly spiritual support. The elderly spiritual support is not only related to the old people's health, happiness, it is an effective means to maintain intergenerational harmony, it is the aging society to carry forward the fine traditional moral needs. In order to make the spiritual support to the elderly, to explore its influencing factors. Based on the French Statistical analysis of social security cooperation project survey data, draw the following conclusions: economic support to improve the spiritual support to the elderly quality of life care is to only play a minor role, emotional support and social participation will influence the elderly spiritual support quality of the important factors, the contact frequency of the elderly and their children, marriage condition maintenance quality plays a positive role in social and economic status. The spirit is more complex, for the elderly spiritual support quality. Specifically, there is no education background and economic status is too large, and the occupational status has a certain impact, high stability of the work for the elderly spiritual support quality some high. In Singapore, Japan, South Korea based on provisions of the elderly spiritual support quality and practices, this paper puts forward some improvement of the aging population mental support The countermeasures and suggestions. On the premise of improving the relevant laws and regulations, to enhance the old people's spiritual support consciousness and ability as the basis, to improve the degree of social participation, play a role in the foundation of family support the spirit of the maximum, the appropriate development of community endowment, a total of five with the increase of aging population play a role in support of the spirit quality.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：C913.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 蔡宏偉;;我國精神贍養(yǎng)法律制度的完善[J];甘肅高師學(xué)報(bào);2012年01期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 危若雪;小組工作介入農(nóng)村老人精神贍養(yǎng)問題探索[D];西北大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號(hào)：1534831