【摘要】：社會(huì)保障制度的二次分配屬性決定了其必須具備調(diào)節(jié)社會(huì)資源配置、促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平的功能。城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)作為社會(huì)保障制度不可或缺的一部分,天然地具備促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平的職能。隨著我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)步伐的加快,城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展受到越來越多的關(guān)注,城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)公共服務(wù)建設(shè)成績(jī)喜人。但人口老齡化程度與人口流動(dòng)速度的加快,給社會(huì)養(yǎng)老提出更高的要求。城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)均等化是社會(huì)公平正義的應(yīng)有之義,也是公民養(yǎng)老權(quán)的重要內(nèi)容,政府有責(zé)任推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的均等化建設(shè)。雖然城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)目前已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了制度上的全覆蓋,為城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)均等化的實(shí)現(xiàn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。但也不能忽視城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)實(shí)施過程中存在的不公平現(xiàn)象:目前僅僅是從政策上實(shí)現(xiàn)了制度全覆蓋,但從居民參保率的數(shù)據(jù)來看居民的參保情況并不樂觀。不同地區(qū)居民生活需求的差異使其對(duì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的期望和要求也不相同,并引發(fā)了實(shí)質(zhì)不公平的問題。從法學(xué)視角來看,現(xiàn)行城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度不能實(shí)現(xiàn)均等化,主要是因?yàn)楫?dāng)前制度實(shí)施主要依靠政策,相應(yīng)的法律配套機(jī)制不夠完善,無法提供長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的法律指導(dǎo),這是立法結(jié)構(gòu)的失衡。立法結(jié)構(gòu)的失衡也影響了制度運(yùn)行的效率,包括補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、主管部門管理體制和責(zé)任分配以及城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的負(fù)效應(yīng)問題。另一方面,城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的資金來源渠道單一化,政府承擔(dān)了主要的給付責(zé)任;與此同時(shí),各級(jí)政府的給付責(zé)任分配并不合理,基金本身的保值增值能力也有待加強(qiáng)。這些原因造成城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)資金保障不到位,嚴(yán)重制約了城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的均等化發(fā)展。鑒于此,城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的均等化并不是通過簡(jiǎn)單的統(tǒng)一制度就能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)還需要完善法律體系,在相關(guān)法律制度的制定過程中融入均等化的理念,實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度化的發(fā)展,并制定相應(yīng)的單行法規(guī)或者地方性法規(guī),為城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展提供穩(wěn)定的指導(dǎo)。需要做好制度的頂層設(shè)計(jì),充分發(fā)揮制度的吸引力,增強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)居民參保的積極性,實(shí)現(xiàn)居民參保率的全覆蓋,并通過優(yōu)化管理等方式推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的實(shí)施進(jìn)程。同時(shí),也要通過改革政府財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度、構(gòu)建多元化的資金籌集渠道和完善基金監(jiān)管等措施,保障城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的資金供給。要建立健全權(quán)利救濟(jì)渠道,保證城鄉(xiāng)居民在養(yǎng)老權(quán)受到侵害時(shí)可以獲得法律的援助和保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:The secondary distribution of social security system determines that it must have the function of regulating the allocation of social resources and promoting social equity. As an indispensable part of the social security system, the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents naturally has the function of promoting social equity. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, more and more attention has been paid to the development of urban-rural integration, and the construction of basic public services in urban and rural areas has achieved gratifying results. However, the degree of population aging and the speed of population flow, put forward higher requirements for the social endowment. The equalization of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents is not only the proper meaning of social fairness and justice, but also an important part of citizens' right to provide for the aged. The government has the responsibility to promote the construction of equalization of pension insurance for urban and rural residents. Although the urban and rural residents pension insurance has achieved the full coverage of the system, for urban and rural residents pension insurance equalization of the realization of the foundation. However, we can not ignore the unfair phenomenon in the implementation of urban and rural residents' pension insurance: at present, it is only from the policy to achieve the full coverage of the system, but from the data of the rate of residents' participation, the situation of the residents' participation in the insurance is not optimistic. The difference of residents' living needs in different regions makes them have different expectations and demands for pension insurance, which leads to the problem of substantial unfairness. From the perspective of law, the current pension insurance system for urban and rural residents cannot be equalized, mainly because the implementation of the current system mainly depends on policies, and the corresponding legal supporting mechanism is not perfect enough to provide long-term and stable legal guidance. This is an imbalance in the legislative structure. The imbalance of legislative structure also affects the efficiency of system operation, including the negative effects of subsidy standard, administrative system and responsibility distribution of competent department, and dual structure of urban and rural areas. On the other hand, the source of funds for urban and rural residents pension insurance is single, the government has assumed the main responsibility for payment; at the same time, the distribution of the responsibility for payment of all levels of government is not reasonable, and the ability of maintaining and increasing the value of the fund itself needs to be strengthened. These reasons lead to the lack of funds guarantee of urban and rural residents' pension insurance, which seriously restricts the development of urban and rural residents' pension insurance equalization. In view of this, urban and rural residents pension insurance equalization is not achieved through a simple unified system. To achieve this goal, we also need to improve the legal system, incorporate the idea of equalization in the formulation of relevant legal systems, realize the development of institutionalization of pension insurance for urban and rural residents, and formulate corresponding separate or local laws and regulations. To provide stable guidance for the development of urban and rural residents pension insurance. It is necessary to design the top level of the system, give full play to the attraction of the system, enhance the enthusiasm of urban and rural residents to participate in the insurance, realize the full coverage of the rate of residents' participation in insurance, and promote the implementation process of urban and rural residents' old-age insurance by means of optimizing management and so on. At the same time, it is necessary to reform the government financial transfer payment system, construct diversified channels for raising funds and improve fund supervision and other measures to ensure the capital supply of pension insurance for urban and rural residents. It is necessary to establish and improve the right relief channels to ensure that urban and rural residents can obtain legal assistance and protection when their pension rights are infringed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F842.67

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 胡佳;;試論農(nóng)村低保戶居民養(yǎng)老金保險(xiǎn)的現(xiàn)狀[J];現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)信息;2010年22期

2 魏芳;;論城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的建立與完善[J];發(fā)展;2011年01期

3 趙勝利;;臨沂市舉行城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)全覆蓋啟動(dòng)儀式[J];山東人力資源和社會(huì)保障;2011年09期

4 ;城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度統(tǒng)一省份情況[J];中國(guó)社會(huì)保障;2012年03期

5 羅鋒;祝純建;;“五個(gè)強(qiáng)化”實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)全覆蓋[J];中國(guó)人力資源社會(huì)保障;2012年08期

6 華雅宣;楊威;婁立天;張珀瑜;;城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度存在的問題及完善對(duì)策[J];法制與經(jīng)濟(jì)(下旬);2012年11期

7 鹿慶峰;;關(guān)于完善城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的思考[J];全國(guó)商情(理論研究);2013年12期

8 馬濤;;城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)辦管理服務(wù)實(shí)踐及思考——以江蘇省灌云縣為例[J];勞動(dòng)保障世界(理論版);2013年07期

9 胡麗麗;;擴(kuò)大城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)覆蓋面的研究[J];天津社會(huì)保險(xiǎn);2013年04期

10 張春學(xué);;發(fā)展城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的問題[J];財(cái)政監(jiān)督;2013年21期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 朱火云;胡翰潮;;地方政府城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)與分擔(dān)——基于浙江省溫州市的研究[A];全面深化改革:戰(zhàn)略思考與路徑選擇——北大賽瑟(CCISSR)論壇文集·2014[C];2014年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 惠婷邋王曉欣;首批居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)卡發(fā)放[N];河南日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

2 郝常明;鄂旗城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)全面啟動(dòng)[N];鄂爾多斯日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

3 孫怡倪;達(dá)旗城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)即將啟動(dòng)[N];鄂爾多斯日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

4 記者 易明燈;城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)下周辦理[N];北京日?qǐng)?bào);2009年

5 記者 陳羚　通訊員 李琴;城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)最低繳費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高[N];泰州日?qǐng)?bào);2011年

6 記者 楊永芹;我市城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)本月起全覆蓋[N];重慶日?qǐng)?bào);2011年

7 記者 王磊;統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)實(shí)現(xiàn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)全覆蓋[N];蕪湖日?qǐng)?bào);2011年

8 萬全法 張勇 姜明;萊西市強(qiáng)力推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)[N];中國(guó)勞動(dòng)保障報(bào);2011年

9 記者 王毅;我市昨日啟動(dòng)城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)工作[N];閩西日?qǐng)?bào);2011年

10 重慶市大足縣 周勇;農(nóng)村青壯年為啥不愿參加城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)[N];人民政協(xié)報(bào);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 蘭姍姍;沈陽市城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼水平研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2012年

2 羅維;城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌背景下重慶居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2012年

3 李昂;新疆城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)法律問題研究[D];新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2012年

4 朱冠穆;河南省城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及其規(guī)避機(jī)制研究[D];河南大學(xué);2013年

5 楊珂;河南省城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展研究[D];河南大學(xué);2013年

6 馬成鋮;河北省城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題研究[D];河北大學(xué);2013年

7 曾艷;城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金監(jiān)管的問題及對(duì)策研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2014年

8 李曼;河北省農(nóng)村地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)滿意度研究[D];河北大學(xué);2015年

9 付彩云;社會(huì)保障調(diào)節(jié)收入差距研究[D];南京大學(xué);2015年

10 杜偉華;天津市居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)給付水平研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2015年

，

本文編號(hào)：2330554