【摘要】：按勞分配是馬克思設(shè)想的未來社會的分配方式,也是我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟分配制度的主體。按勞分配理論不是憑空產(chǎn)生的,而是在借鑒前人的經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ)上特別是空想社會主義者關(guān)于未來社會的構(gòu)想,經(jīng)過科學(xué)的思考,逐步創(chuàng)立的科學(xué)理論。按勞分配作為社會主義初期階段的個人收入分配方式,在促進社會生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,激發(fā)勞動者積極性方面具有很大的進步性。但馬克思受所處的時代背景和生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平的限制,其按勞分配理論關(guān)于未來社會分配的實現(xiàn)途徑已發(fā)生了較大的變化,馬克思按勞分配理論又具有一定的局限性。因此,我們要正確的理解按勞分配理論。馬克思恩格斯逝世后,社會主義者對按勞分配理論進一步實踐和發(fā)展。列寧、斯大林在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)蘇維埃俄國進行社會主義革命和建設(shè)的過程,形成了蘇聯(lián)模式的高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟體制、等級工資制和農(nóng)業(yè)合作化等社會主義建設(shè)經(jīng)驗,對剛建立的中國產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。中國完成了社會主義改造以后,在蘇聯(lián)模式的影響下,建立起高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟體制,實行按勞分配,但忽視了當(dāng)時的生產(chǎn)力水平較低的實際情況,按勞分配的分配形式在實踐中變?yōu)槠骄髁x,制約了生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展和勞動者積極性的發(fā)揮。改革開放以后,隨著經(jīng)濟水平的提高,分配制度突破平均主義,形成了多種分配方式,除了按勞動分配以外,允許技術(shù)、資本、科技、管理等生產(chǎn)要素也參與分配,確立了按勞分配為主體,多種分配方式并存的分配制度。按勞分配理論和實踐在中國的發(fā)展中取得了巨大的成就,但也呈現(xiàn)出不少問題:如居民收入、勞動報酬所占的比重下降;分配結(jié)構(gòu)不合理;城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)機會不均等;行業(yè)壟斷導(dǎo)致的收入分配不公;大量非法非正常收入的存在造成的不公;社會保障制度不健全等問題。針對上述問題,如何更好地堅持和完善初期階段按勞分配制度,本文提出以下對策:提高居民收入在國民收入分配的比重、勞動報酬在初次分配的比重;統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展;深化壟斷企業(yè)的改革,實現(xiàn)壟斷行業(yè)收入的正�；�;健全社會保障制度,提高統(tǒng)籌層次,加強社會保障基金的監(jiān)管,暢通社�；鸹贫�。本文的結(jié)構(gòu)主要分為四個章節(jié),第一個章節(jié)為緒論部分,主要是研究背景和意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法、研究的重難點和創(chuàng)新點;第二章主要是梳理和總結(jié)了馬克思按勞分配的形成和發(fā)展;第三章是按勞分配理論和實踐在中國的發(fā)展成果及存在的問題,包括計劃經(jīng)濟時期按勞分配在中國的發(fā)展,改革開放以來按勞分配在中國的發(fā)展和取得的成果,按勞分配理論和實踐在中國發(fā)展中存在的問題;第四章針對按勞分配理論和實踐在中國發(fā)展中存在的問題,就如何堅持和完善按勞分配制度提出相應(yīng)的對策。
[Abstract]:Distribution according to work is the distribution mode envisaged by Marx in the future society and the main body of the distribution system of socialist market economy in our country. The theory of distribution according to work is not born out of thin air, but based on the experience of predecessors, especially the conception of the future society of the utopian socialists, and is gradually established through scientific thinking. Distribution according to work, as a way of individual income distribution in the initial stage of socialism, has great progress in promoting the development of social productive forces and stimulating the enthusiasm of workers. However, Marx is limited by the background of the times and the level of productivity development, and his theory of distribution according to work has changed greatly on the way to realize the social distribution in the future, and Marx's theory of distribution according to work has some limitations. Therefore, we should correctly understand the theory of distribution according to work. After the death of Marx and Engels, the socialists further practiced and developed the theory of distribution according to work. Lenin and Stalin, in the process of leading Soviet Russia to carry out socialist revolution and construction, formed the Soviet model of highly centralized planned economic system, hierarchical wage system and agricultural cooperation and other socialist construction experience. It has had a huge impact on the newly established China. After China completed the socialist transformation, under the influence of the Soviet model, it established a highly centralized planned economic system and distributed according to work, but ignored the actual situation of the low level of productive forces at that time. Distribution according to work becomes equalitarianism in practice, which restricts the development of productive forces and the enthusiasm of workers. After the reform and opening up, with the improvement of economic level and the breakthrough of equalitarianism in the distribution system, a variety of distribution methods were formed. In addition to distribution according to labor, production factors such as technology, capital, science and technology, and management were also allowed to participate in the distribution. Established the distribution according to work as the main body, the coexistence of a variety of distribution system. The theory and practice of distribution according to work has made great achievements in the development of China, but it also presents many problems: for example, the proportion of income of residents, the proportion of labor remuneration is decreasing, the distribution structure is unreasonable, the opportunity of urban and rural dual structure is not equal; The unfair distribution of income caused by industry monopoly; the unfair caused by the existence of a large number of illegal and abnormal income; the imperfect social security system and so on. In view of the above problems, how to better adhere to and improve the distribution system according to work in the initial stage, this paper puts forward the following countermeasures: to increase the proportion of residents' income in the distribution of national income, the proportion of labor reward in the initial distribution, to coordinate the development of urban and rural integration; We should deepen the reform of monopoly enterprises, realize the normalization of monopoly industry income, improve the social security system, raise the overall planning level, strengthen the supervision of social security funds, and smooth the system of mutual aid of social security funds. The structure of this paper is mainly divided into four chapters, the first chapter is the introduction part, mainly research background and significance, research status, research methods, research difficulties and innovations; The second chapter is to sort out and summarize the formation and development of Marx's distribution according to work, the third chapter is about the development of the theory and practice of distribution according to work in China and the existing problems, including the development of distribution according to work in China during the planned economy period. The development and achievements of the distribution according to work in China since the reform and opening up, the problems existing in the theory and practice of the distribution according to work in the development of China; the fourth chapter focuses on the problems existing in the development of the theory and practice of the distribution according to work in China. How to adhere to and improve the distribution system according to work to put forward the corresponding countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F124.7

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