本文選題：農民土地承包經(jīng)營權 + 家庭土地承包經(jīng)營權　； 參考：《中央民族大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地,民之本也,它是中國人民能夠生產生活的基礎,也是作為農業(yè)產業(yè)大國的中國的特色標志。即使現(xiàn)在城市化進程加快,國家不斷地鼓勵城市和農村向一體化方向發(fā)展,但是“三農”問題仍然是我們國家長期需要攻克的難題之一。最近一些年來,我國中央制定的政策著重加大改革的力度,其中農民的土地承包經(jīng)營權的流轉等系列問題一直以來是法律學界研究的熱點和難點。土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化是以土地承包經(jīng)營權制度為基礎的土地流轉方式之一,也是近些年在農村地區(qū)興起的土地承包經(jīng)營權流轉的新方式。土地承包經(jīng)營權的股權化流轉制度對優(yōu)化農地利用、促進農業(yè)市場化發(fā)展有著不可或缺的重要意義,但是目前學界對該制度的研究相對較少,對于這項制度的結構設計也是眾說紛紜。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的關鍵問題在于如何進行制度的構建,本文運用民法和合作社法的基本理論,依據(jù)我國的相關法律條文的規(guī)定和中央關于農村土地改革的政策以及各地的實踐,討論了農民土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的實踐中的難點問題和基本理論問題。本文主要分為三章,對土地承包經(jīng)營權的股權化制度進行研究。第一章,土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的價值定位。結合學者們對于股權化概念的不同認識為基礎,筆者認為土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的內涵應界定為：土地承包經(jīng)營權人以堅持土地的集體所有權屬性為前提,將土地承包經(jīng)營權作價入股農村合作社進行股份合作經(jīng)營,或者將家庭承包方式以外的“招拍協(xié)”方式取得的承包經(jīng)營權入股公司企業(yè),從而取得所投資合作社或者公司企業(yè)的股權并以此獲得利益分配的土地流轉制度。關于土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化性質的不同觀點,即物權流轉說、債權流轉說和股權流轉說,對其中的股權流轉說表達了自己贊同的見解并且提出家庭承包經(jīng)營權的股權化應當合作化的觀點。以法的公平和效率的價值理念為根基,分析了農地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的法律價值的含義和平衡,提出了若想要構建土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化這一法律制度,就應當把焦點集中到農民與土地的依賴關系的特殊性上面,并且應以公平價值為基礎、以效率價值為目標進行制度構建和完善。第二章,土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的相關法律規(guī)定和基本原則。首先,從法律、部分規(guī)章、地方性法規(guī)以及國家政策等方面歸納總結了股權化的相關法律規(guī)定現(xiàn)狀,由此發(fā)現(xiàn)我國法律對農地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的規(guī)定尚存較多漏洞和不足,應加強對該制度難點問題的研究,為繼承和發(fā)展農地承包經(jīng)營權的股權化給予理論上的支持。其次,由于承包經(jīng)營權入股已是公認的土地承包經(jīng)營權流轉的方式之一,所以根據(jù)農地承包經(jīng)營權流轉的總體性原則,歸納總結出土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化制度應恪守的原則理念。第三章,土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的難點問題。這一部分是本文的重點研究對象,分為土地承包經(jīng)營權入股的內容、土地承包經(jīng)營權入股的作價及其在合作社財產中的地位、承包經(jīng)營權的期限對其股權化的影響等問題。首先,關于土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的內容,提出在一般情況下,應當是指經(jīng)營權的入股,入股農民仍保留土地承包權。但是,還有一種整體入股的觀點認為,在符合一定條件下,經(jīng)過所在集體同意,也可以不區(qū)分承包權和經(jīng)營權,而是將土地承包經(jīng)營權進行整體入股。其次,在對土地承包經(jīng)營權入股作價時,應當根據(jù)入股內容的不同進行作價并采取不同作價標準——對于以經(jīng)營權能入股的,參照土地承包經(jīng)營權出租的價格作價；對于以承包經(jīng)營權整體入股的,應參照土地承包經(jīng)營權轉讓的價格作價。關于土地承包經(jīng)營權入股合作社后的利益分配、抵押、破產清算等一系列問題,筆者認為：第一,出于對土地的社會保障功能的考慮,土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化的利益分配可以實行“保底收入”與“浮利分紅”相結合的利益分配規(guī)則；第二,在允許土地經(jīng)營權抵押的情況下,合作社可以以其取得的土地經(jīng)營權進行抵押要基于農戶的同意；第三,土地承包經(jīng)營權不管是從社會保障的角度來看,還是從產權結構來分析都不適于納入合作社破產財產進行清算,筆者同意賦予農戶“等額回購權”的做法。筆者論述了承包經(jīng)營權的期限性和承包經(jīng)營權的長久化對承包經(jīng)營權的股權化的影響和問題,并且提出了如何應對入股作價、退股和利益平衡的見解,為未來土地承包經(jīng)營權股權化制度的發(fā)展與構建提供了理論預期。
[Abstract]:Land and people are also the basis of the Chinese people's ability to produce life. It is also a symbol of China as a big agricultural country. Even now the process of urbanization is speeding up, and the state constantly encourages cities and rural areas to develop in the direction of integration, but the "three rural" problem is still one of the problems that our country needs to overcome for a long time. In recent years, the policy made by the central government has been focused on strengthening the reform. The circulation of land contracted management rights of farmers has always been a hot and difficult point in the study of the legal field. The ownership of the land contracted management right is one of the land transfer modes based on the system of land contract management right and also in recent years. A new way of transferring land contract management right in rural areas. The system of the transfer of the right of land contract management has an indispensable and important significance to optimize the utilization of farmland and promote the development of agricultural market. However, there are few studies on the system in the academic circles at present, and the structure design of this system is also different. The key problem of the ownership of the land contract management right is how to build the system. In this paper, the practice of the civil law and the cooperative law, the relevant provisions of the law in China and the central government's policy on rural land reform and the practice of various places are discussed in this paper, and the practice of the ownership of the farmers' land contract management right is discussed. This paper is divided into three chapters. This article is mainly divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the value orientation of the ownership of the land contract management right. The author thinks that the connotation of the ownership of the land contract management right should be defined on the basis of the scholars' different understanding of the concept of the shareholding. On the premise of adhering to the collective ownership property of the land, the owner of the contracted management of land takes the land contract management right as a share in the cooperative operation of the rural cooperative, or shares the contractual management right obtained by the "bidding Association" outside the household contract way to the company enterprise, thus obtaining the co operatives or companies to invest. The different views on the nature of the ownership of the contractual management right of the land, that is, the transfer of property right, the transfer of creditor's rights and the theory of the transfer of equity, expressed their views on the transfer of equity, and put forward a view on the cooperation of the ownership of the contractual management right of the family. On the basis of the value concept of fairness and efficiency of law, this paper analyzes the meaning and balance of the legal value of the ownership of the farmland contracted management right, and puts forward that if we want to build the legal system of the ownership of the land contract management right, the focus should be focused on the particularity of the relationship between the peasants and the land, and the fair value should be taken. System construction and improvement on the basis of efficiency value. The second chapter, the relevant legal provisions and basic principles of the ownership of the land contract management rights. First, from the laws, some rules, local regulations and national policies and so on, summed up the status of the relevant legal provisions of the ownership of the ownership. There are still many loopholes and shortcomings in the regulation of the ownership of the rights of the package management. We should strengthen the research on the difficult problems of the system and give the theoretical support to inherit and develop the ownership of the farmland contract management right. Secondly, because the contracted management right has been one of the accepted ways of the transfer of the land contract management right, the contract management is based on the agricultural land. The general principle of the transfer of right, sum up the principle concept that the system of the ownership of the land contract management right should be abided by. The third chapter, the difficult problem of the ownership of the land contract management right. This part is the key research object of this article, which is divided into the content of the land contract management right, the price of the land contracted management right and its cooperation. The status of the social property and the influence of the term of the contractual management right on its shareholding. First, the content of the ownership of the contractual management right of the land is in general circumstances, which should refer to the stock of the management right, and the peasants still retain the land contract right. However, there is still a view that under certain conditions, After the collective consent of the group, it can also not distinguish the contract right and the right of management, but shares the land contract management right as a whole. Secondly, when the land contract management right is priced in, it should be priced according to the different content of the shares and take different standard of pricing - for the management of the rights and ability, the land contract management should be referred to. The price of the right to rent is made; for the overall purchase of the right to contracted management, the price of the transfer of the land contract management right should be referred to. A series of problems, such as the distribution of interests, mortgage and bankruptcy liquidation after the contracted management of land into the cooperative, are considered as follows: first, the consideration of the social security function of the land, the land contract The benefit distribution of the right to operate the right of management can be allocated by the combination of "bottom income income" and "floating dividend". Second, under the circumstances of allowing the land management right to be mortgaged, the co-operatives can mortgage their land management rights based on the consent of the farmers; third, the land contract management right is from the society. In the view of security, it is not suitable for the analysis of the property rights structure to be incorporated into the liquidation of the cooperative bankruptcy property. The author agrees to give the farmers "equal repurchase right". The author expounds the influence and problems of the term of the contractual management right and the long term contractual management right on the ownership of the contracted management rights. How to deal with the stock price, the withdrawal of shares and the balance of interests provide a theoretical expectation for the development and construction of the stock right system of the land contractual management right in the future.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F321.1

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本文編號：2038576