本文選題：江西省 + 農(nóng)村低保制度　； 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)村貧困問(wèn)題是關(guān)乎民生的重要問(wèn)題。2007年7月,農(nóng)村最低生活保障制度在全國(guó)建立,作為我國(guó)社會(huì)保障體系的重要組成部分,在保障農(nóng)村貧困群體底線生活水平上發(fā)揮著重要作用。時(shí)至今日,該制度發(fā)展已有八年之久,其運(yùn)行過(guò)程中也暴露出諸多方面的問(wèn)題,如何改善以保證制度的功效能夠充分發(fā)揮以及適應(yīng)變化著的農(nóng)村貧困狀況,是值得探討的問(wèn)題。黨的十八大報(bào)告中明確提出"建設(shè)人民滿意的服務(wù)型政府"的政治目標(biāo),因此在對(duì)公共服務(wù)的相關(guān)政策或制度進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)更加重視公眾的實(shí)際情況與感受,從公眾視角來(lái)對(duì)政策或制度進(jìn)行考量更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的問(wèn)題。本論文以江西省農(nóng)村低保制度作為考察的具體政策,從該制度所服務(wù)的對(duì)象——農(nóng)村低保居民出發(fā),對(duì)該制度進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),探討制度運(yùn)行中的問(wèn)題,與"建設(shè)人民滿意的服務(wù)型政府"的政治目標(biāo)所貼合。本論文在總結(jié)現(xiàn)有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,以社會(huì)救助理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論和滿意度模型理論為基礎(chǔ),從感知質(zhì)量、低保戶期望、低保戶滿意和信任與遵守幾個(gè)方面構(gòu)建江西省農(nóng)村低保滿意度測(cè)評(píng)模型,其中感知質(zhì)量包括政策相關(guān)因子和流程辦理因子兩方面。建立理論模型后,開發(fā)量表設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)卷,對(duì)預(yù)調(diào)查所得54份問(wèn)卷數(shù)據(jù)的信度和效度進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),并根據(jù)模型檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行了一定的修正,得到正式問(wèn)卷。正式調(diào)查時(shí)抽取了江西省6個(gè)縣,在農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)放正式問(wèn)卷600份,回收有效問(wèn)卷共計(jì)546份。根據(jù)所收集的問(wèn)卷,通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型對(duì)江西省農(nóng)村低保滿意度測(cè)評(píng)模型進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),利用分析結(jié)果確定權(quán)重,計(jì)算出江西省農(nóng)村低保滿意度。研究表明:第一,農(nóng)村低保戶對(duì)農(nóng)村低保的感知正向影響滿意度,感知質(zhì)量包括政策相關(guān)方面和流程辦理方面,路徑系數(shù)分別為0.632和0.815,說(shuō)明在流程辦理方面進(jìn)行改善相比于在政策設(shè)計(jì)上改善能使?jié)M意度提高更多;第二,在政策相關(guān)方面,是否做到應(yīng)保盡保、二次申請(qǐng)的時(shí)間間隔設(shè)置、以戶為單位申請(qǐng)、捆綁政策的路徑系數(shù)相對(duì)較高,說(shuō)明低保制度在這些方面進(jìn)行修正或完善能夠使?jié)M意度有相對(duì)較大提升;第三,在流程辦理方面,評(píng)選流程公平性、高效性的路徑系數(shù)相對(duì)較高,說(shuō)明提高評(píng)選過(guò)程的透明度以及壓縮評(píng)選的流程會(huì)使?jié)M意度有相對(duì)較大提升;第四,農(nóng)村低保滿意度正向影響制度的信任和遵守,即農(nóng)村低保戶對(duì)該制度越滿意,其對(duì)該制度的信任程度和維護(hù)程度越高,具體表現(xiàn)在心理上的信任和規(guī)則上的遵守;第五,根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型的估計(jì)結(jié)果確定權(quán)重,測(cè)算出江西農(nóng)村低保制度滿意度得分為67。根據(jù)以上研究結(jié)果,為進(jìn)一步提高低保戶對(duì)農(nóng)村低保制度的滿意度,建議從四個(gè)方面采取措施:一是完善與其他社會(huì)保障制度的配合,由于致貧因素多種多樣,而農(nóng)村低保更多的是發(fā)揮"兜底"功能,與精準(zhǔn)扶貧融合發(fā)展可以更切實(shí)地幫扶低保戶脫貧;二是修正與完善農(nóng)村低保實(shí)施細(xì)則,例如二次申請(qǐng)的時(shí)間間隔設(shè)置、必須以戶為單位申請(qǐng)等;三是提高違規(guī)成本,保障制度實(shí)施的公平性,可以從政策執(zhí)行和對(duì)違規(guī)者處罰兩方面考慮;四是利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)建立電子貧困檔案,提高救助精準(zhǔn)度。
[Abstract]:The problem of rural poverty is an important issue about the people's livelihood. In July.2007, the rural minimum living security system was established throughout the country. As an important part of the social security system in China, it played an important role in guaranteeing the bottom line living standard of the rural poor groups. Today, the system has been developed for eight years, and its operation process has also been carried out. The problem of how to improve the effectiveness of the system as well as to adapt to the changing conditions of rural poverty is a problem to be discussed. In the eighteen major report of the party, the political goal of "building a service-oriented government for the people" is clearly put forward, so that the relevant policies or systems of public service are carried out. In the evaluation, it is more important to pay more attention to the actual situation and feelings of the public. It is easier to find out the problems from the public view of policy or system. This paper takes the rural low insurance system in Jiangxi as the specific policy, and evaluates the system from the object of the system, the rural low insurance people, and discusses the system transportation. On the basis of social assistance theory, public product theory and satisfaction model theory, this paper builds Jiangxi Province on the basis of social assistance theory, public product theory and satisfaction model theory, from the aspects of perceived quality, low investor expectation, low insurance satisfaction, trust and compliance. The evaluation model of rural low insurance satisfaction is made. The perceived quality includes two aspects of policy related factors and process management factors. After establishing the theoretical model, the development scale design questionnaire is used to test the reliability and validity of the 54 questionnaires obtained from the pre survey, and the questionnaire is revised according to the results of the model test, and the formal questionnaire is obtained. In the official survey, 6 counties in Jiangxi province were selected and 600 formal questionnaires were issued in rural areas, and 546 valid questionnaires were collected. According to the collected questionnaires, the rural low insurance satisfaction evaluation model of Jiangxi province was tested by the structural equation model, and the weight of the analysis results was used to calculate the satisfaction of rural low insurance in Jiangxi province. The results show that: first, rural low-income households have a positive impact on the perceived satisfaction of rural low insurance. Perceived quality includes policy related aspects and process management. The path coefficients are 0.632 and 0.815 respectively, indicating that improvement in process management can improve satisfaction in policy design, and second, in policy related aspects, Whether it should be guaranteed, the time interval of the two application, the application of the household as a unit, the relatively high path coefficient of the binding policy, which shows that the low insurance system can be amended or perfected in these aspects can make the satisfaction relatively higher; third, in the process of processing, the process is fair, and the efficiency of the path coefficient is relatively higher. It shows that the transparency of the selection process and the process of compressing and evaluating will increase the degree of satisfaction relatively greatly; fourth, the satisfaction of the rural low insurance system is positively affecting the trust and compliance of the system, that is, the more satisfactory the rural low-income households are to the system, the higher the degree of trust and protection to the system, the more specific the psychological trust and the confidence in the system. Fifth, according to the estimated results of the structural equation model, the weight is determined and the satisfaction score of the rural low insurance system in Jiangxi is 67. according to the above research results. In order to further improve the satisfaction of the low insurance households to the rural low insurance system, we suggest that the measures should be taken from four aspects: first, the perfect match with the other social security systems is to be improved. As a result of the various factors of poverty, and the rural low insurance is more to play the "bottom" function, and the precision of the integration of poverty alleviation and integration of the development can help lower the poor the poor; two is to correct and improve the implementation rules of rural low insurance, for example, the time interval of the two application must be applied to the household, and the three is to improve the cost of violation and guarantee. The fairness of the implementation of the system can be considered from two aspects of policy implementation and penalties for violators; four, the use of Internet technology to establish electronic poverty files to improve the accuracy of assistance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F323.89

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