發(fā)布時間：2018-05-23 16:37

  本文選題：組織出賣人體器官罪 + 人體器官��； 參考：《煙臺大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著科技的進步,人類已經(jīng)可以通過器官移植的方式來延續(xù)生命、治療疾病。但是這項最新的醫(yī)療技術(shù)因為其手段的特殊性也給我們帶來了倫理、法律等諸多方面的困擾,因為進行器官移植手術(shù)的對象的是人體的器官,而器官供體和需求的不平衡,導(dǎo)致有不法分子通過買賣人體器官來獲得非法利益,這種行為嚴(yán)重踐踏了人類社會的倫理觀,同時也是對法律所保護的人身權(quán)益的一種嚴(yán)重的侵犯,帶來了極大的社會危害性,破壞了國家的醫(yī)療秩序,特別是隨著現(xiàn)代社會國際化的加劇,甚至出現(xiàn)了對人體器官的走私行為,這更是對國際秩序的一種挑釁。若任其發(fā)展,長此以往,公民合法權(quán)益何以保障?國家尊嚴(yán)又何在?值得慶幸的是,目前我國在此領(lǐng)域的立法已經(jīng)不再是“真空”,我國目前的關(guān)于對人體器官移植保護的法律是從《人體器官移植條例》發(fā)展而來并在《刑法修正案(八)》1進行相關(guān)的規(guī)制,但是需要認(rèn)識到的是,我國在此方面的立法并不完善,依然需要加強法制建設(shè),同時在完善法律規(guī)章制度的同時,也應(yīng)該建立適當(dāng)?shù)纳鐣䴔C制來保障和促進“人體器官移植”這一新技術(shù)的良性發(fā)展。非法的人體器官移植行為特別是非法組織買賣人體器官甚至通過走私行為進行人體器官買賣的行為嚴(yán)重地危害了社會的穩(wěn)定和公民的合法權(quán)益,其社會危害性是巨大的,它不僅給受害者造成了嚴(yán)重的人身傷害、經(jīng)濟損失,也給社會的安定團結(jié)帶來了負(fù)面影響。但是,我國的立法在關(guān)于人體器官移植方面雖然通過刑事立法的方式確立了一個罪名,但還是有著諸多的不足的,在司法實踐中,給犯罪分子帶來了許多的可乘之機,使得犯罪分子在一個相對寬松的環(huán)境中實施其違法犯罪行為,對我國的社會主義建設(shè)存在著巨大的危機,也不利于新的醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進一步發(fā)展,同時與周邊鄰國,如韓國、日本等國的立法以及其它社會保障方面均存在著一定的差距。本文將從人體器官移植犯罪的相關(guān)概念、特征、危害性等方面為引入點,從國內(nèi)視角、國際視野等方面,對國內(nèi)外立法情況進行分析,結(jié)合世界其他國家和地區(qū)的先進立法經(jīng)驗加以探究,詳情如下:第一部分為人體器官移植概述,對人體器官移植的含義進行了法律上的界定,并針對人體器官移植引發(fā)的社會問題分析了對其進行刑法規(guī)制的必要性。第二部分對我國現(xiàn)行刑法中對人體器官移植類犯罪的規(guī)定按照一定的邏輯順序進行了總結(jié)和分析,并針對目前的立法現(xiàn)狀提出了其存在的一些問題。第三部分對域外的刑事立法進行了簡單介紹并提煉出其中可以被我國合理借鑒的一些經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。第四部分針對第二部分總結(jié)分析出來的立法漏洞給出了一定的處理對策和完善建議。旨在為我國關(guān)于人體器官移植犯罪的立法及相關(guān)制度的完善提供一點兒淺薄參考。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, human beings can continue to live and treat diseases through organ transplantation. But this latest medical technology, because of the particularity of its means, has also brought us ethical, legal and other problems, because organ transplant surgery is carried out on the human body's organs, and the organ donor and demand are not balanced. As a result, some lawbreakers gain illegal benefits by buying and selling human organs. This behavior seriously tramples on the ethics of human society, and at the same time it is a serious violation of the personal rights and interests protected by the law and brings great social harm. It destroys the national medical order, especially with the intensification of the internationalization of modern society, and even the smuggling of human organs, which is a provocation to the international order. If it is allowed to develop, how can the legitimate rights and interests of citizens be protected in the long run? Where is the dignity of the nation? Fortunately, our legislation in this area is no longer a "vacuum." The current laws on the protection of human organ transplantation in China are developed from the Human Organ Transplant regulations and regulated in Amendment (VIII) > 1 of the Criminal Law. However, what needs to be recognized is, Our country's legislation in this respect is not perfect, we still need to strengthen the legal system construction. At the same time, we should establish appropriate social mechanism to protect and promote the benign development of the new technology of "human organ transplantation". The illegal act of human organ transplantation, especially the act of illegally organizing and buying and selling human organs or even buying and selling human organs through smuggling, seriously endangers the stability of society and the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, and its social harm is enormous. It not only causes serious personal injury and economic loss to the victims, but also has a negative impact on social stability and unity. However, although the legislation of our country has established a crime by way of criminal legislation in respect of human organ transplantation, it still has many shortcomings. In judicial practice, it has brought many opportunities for criminals to take advantage of. Enabling criminals to carry out their illegal and criminal acts in a relatively relaxed environment is a huge crisis to China's socialist construction, and is also not conducive to the further development of new medical technology. At the same time, it is also not conducive to the further development of new medical technology, and at the same time, with its neighboring countries, such as South Korea, There are some gaps in legislation and other social security in Japan and other countries. This paper will introduce the related concepts, characteristics and harmfulness of the crime of human organ transplantation, and analyze the domestic and foreign legislative situation from the domestic perspective and the international perspective. Combined with the advanced legislative experience of other countries and regions in the world, the details are as follows: the first part is an overview of human organ transplantation, which defines the meaning of human organ transplantation in law. It also analyzes the necessity of criminal law regulation to the social problems caused by human organ transplantation. The second part summarizes and analyzes the provisions of human organ transplantation in the current criminal law of our country according to certain logical order, and puts forward some problems in view of the present legislative situation. The third part briefly introduces the foreign criminal legislation and abstracts some experiences and lessons that can be used for reference by our country. The fourth part gives some countermeasures and suggestions for the legislative loopholes summarized and analyzed in the second part. The purpose is to provide a little reference for the legislation and related system of human organ transplantation in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3

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本文編號：1925530