本文選題：農(nóng)村空巢老人 + 養(yǎng)老困境��； 參考：《河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文研究農(nóng)村空巢老人晚年生活面臨的最大困境，養(yǎng)老。中國老齡化速度加快，加上各項(xiàng)社會保障制度的不完善，使得農(nóng)村空巢老人的養(yǎng)老問題日益嚴(yán)峻。這一困境的存在不僅不利于我國社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展，阻礙我國社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的進(jìn)行，而且導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村老人犯罪率增加，已經(jīng)成為事關(guān)民生和整個(gè)農(nóng)村地區(qū)和諧穩(wěn)定的大問題。農(nóng)村空巢老人的養(yǎng)老困境主要體現(xiàn)在物質(zhì)生活和精神生活兩個(gè)層面上：農(nóng)村空巢老人經(jīng)濟(jì)來源不穩(wěn)定且收入水平較低，子女在生活照料方面嚴(yán)重缺位，，身體健康水平欠佳，同時(shí)還面臨著醫(yī)療救助困境，人身財(cái)產(chǎn)安全得不到保證；心理慰藉缺失，容易產(chǎn)生孤單、寂寞等不良情緒，社會交往范圍小，休閑娛樂活動少、方式單一等。這些都嚴(yán)重降低了老人的生活質(zhì)量。在這樣的背景下，本文將農(nóng)村地區(qū)現(xiàn)有的四種主要養(yǎng)老模式的優(yōu)劣進(jìn)行分析，探討在農(nóng)村地區(qū)建構(gòu)一個(gè)立體化的養(yǎng)老援助體系。包括政府、社會第三方、社區(qū)及空巢老人自身努力在內(nèi)的一個(gè)立體的體系，共同為農(nóng)村空巢老人晚年的養(yǎng)老生活創(chuàng)造條件，滿足他們不同層次不同方面的需求，以此來消除“空巢化”對于各方面所帶來的不利影響，讓農(nóng)村空巢老人共享經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會發(fā)展的成果，以促進(jìn)社會的穩(wěn)定與和諧，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)我國從傳統(tǒng)社會向現(xiàn)代社會的轉(zhuǎn)型。 本文研究從政府、社會第三方、社區(qū)及空巢老人自身四個(gè)角度來構(gòu)建立體化的養(yǎng)老體系。首先，政府在這個(gè)立體化的模式中起到支持與保障的作用，鼓勵社會第三部門參與到社會保障和服務(wù)工作中，并且引導(dǎo)和幫助社會第三部門的發(fā)展和完善；不僅為立體化養(yǎng)老模式提供財(cái)政支持，還要在政策上積極引導(dǎo)責(zé)任共擔(dān)，明確劃分各級政府部門的具體責(zé)任；在工作中將空巢老人問題作為農(nóng)村老齡工作的重點(diǎn)，切實(shí)保障這一模式的廣泛推行；政府在工作中還要積極制定并切實(shí)貫徹執(zhí)行有關(guān)政策，充分利用媒體的宣傳和引導(dǎo)的作用來引導(dǎo)社會中形成養(yǎng)老敬老氛圍。其次，社會第三方作為中間組織，扮演溝通政府部門與市民社會的橋梁和紐帶的角色。再次，社區(qū)保障在一定程度上能夠替代社會保障發(fā)揮類似的功效，通過構(gòu)建社區(qū)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)對于農(nóng)村空巢老人的服務(wù)隊(duì)伍，實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)療服務(wù)對接，來保障農(nóng)村空巢老人的基本生活；同時(shí)還起到豐富農(nóng)村空巢老人的閑暇文化生活的作用。最后，建立和完善立體化養(yǎng)老模式還需要老年人自身的努力，應(yīng)做到樹立自我養(yǎng)老意識，加強(qiáng)自身適應(yīng)性，注重身心健康，增強(qiáng)身體素質(zhì)。立體化的養(yǎng)老模式，并沒有規(guī)定農(nóng)村空巢老人的養(yǎng)老地點(diǎn)，老人在哪里養(yǎng)老，要根據(jù)不同老人的狀況而定，具有靈活的優(yōu)勢。發(fā)動社會各界，集各方力量于一點(diǎn)，為農(nóng)村空巢老人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)適合他們的養(yǎng)老模式，幫助老年人完善他們的人生，有利于家庭和諧與社會穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:This article studies the rural empty nest old man's old age life facing the biggest predicament, the old age. The aging speed of China, coupled with the imperfect social security system, makes the pension problem of the empty-nest elderly in rural areas increasingly serious. The existence of this dilemma is not only unfavorable to the sustained, stable and healthy development of our socialist economy, but also hinders the construction of a new socialist countryside in our country, and leads to an increase in the crime rate of the elderly in rural areas. It has become a major issue concerning people's livelihood and the harmony and stability of the whole rural areas. The rural empty-nest old people's pension predicament mainly manifests in the material life and the spiritual life two levels: the rural empty-nest old man's economic source is unstable, the income level is low, the child is seriously absent in the life care aspect, the physical health level is not good. At the same time, it also faces the plight of medical assistance, personal and property security can not be guaranteed; psychological comfort loss, easy to produce loneliness, loneliness and other adverse emotions, social interaction scope is small, leisure and entertainment activities are less, the way is single, and so on. These have seriously reduced the quality of life of the elderly. In this context, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the four main pension models in rural areas, and discusses the construction of a three-dimensional pension assistance system in rural areas. A three-dimensional system, including government, social third party, community and empty-nesters themselves, creates conditions for the old people in rural areas to support their old age and meet their needs at different levels and in different aspects. In order to eliminate the adverse effects of "empty-nesting" on all aspects, to enable the rural empty-nest elderly to share the fruits of economic construction and social development, in order to promote social stability and harmony, Smoothly realize the transition from traditional society to modern society. This paper studies the establishment of a three-dimensional pension system from four angles: government, social third party, community and empty-nest elderly. First of all, the government plays the role of support and protection in this three-dimensional model, encouraging the third sector of society to participate in the work of social security and services, and guiding and helping the development and improvement of the third sector of society; Not only to provide financial support for the three-dimensional pension model, but also to actively lead the responsibility sharing in the policy, to clearly divide the specific responsibilities of government departments at all levels, and to make the issue of empty-nest elderly people the focus of the rural ageing work in their work. The government should actively formulate and carry out relevant policies and make full use of the propaganda and guidance role of the media to guide the society to form an atmosphere of old-age care and respect for the elderly. Secondly, the third party acts as a bridge and link between government departments and civil society. Third, to some extent, community security can replace social security to play a similar effect, through the construction of community service network, strengthen the rural empty nest elderly service team, realize the docking of urban and rural medical services. At the same time, it can enrich the leisure cultural life of the rural empty-nesters. Finally, the establishment and perfection of the three-dimensional old-age care model also need the efforts of the elderly themselves, should be done to establish a sense of self-pension, strengthen their own adaptability, pay attention to physical and mental health, enhance physical quality. Three-dimensional pension model does not stipulate the rural empty nest elderly pension location, where the elderly to support the elderly, according to the situation of different old people, with flexible advantages. Mobilize all walks of life, gather all forces in a point, for the rural empty nest old people to create a suitable model for their pension, to help the elderly improve their lives, conducive to family harmony and social stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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