本文選題：高血壓 + 患病率��； 參考：《安徽醫(yī)科大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的高血壓是全球疾病負擔的重要危害要素之一,定義為動脈血壓上漲,超過一定區(qū)間。高血壓病是最常見的心血管疾病,患病率呈走高趨向,在2006年全國患病人數(shù)已達近2億,相比較而言,知曉率,治療率和控制率很低,呈現(xiàn)驚人落差。引起高血壓的原因有很多,包括社會人口因素,例如:年齡,性別,受教育程度,家庭收入,社會保障體制;生活方式因素,例如:體力活動頻率,水果蔬菜攝入量,吸煙和飲酒量,攝鈉量;其他危險因素或行為,例如:高體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、高血脂、高血糖及遺傳因素等。為方便合肥地區(qū)高血壓預防和控制工作的開展,進行本次調(diào)查,旨在了解安徽省合肥市15歲及以上人群高血壓患病率及其相關(guān)影響因素的現(xiàn)狀。方法一個多階段分層隨機整群抽樣法和簡單隨機抽樣方法在合肥市某區(qū)選擇共有1900名15歲以上的患者為研究對象,通過問卷調(diào)查,體格檢查獲得目標信息,問卷調(diào)查表由北京阜外醫(yī)院擬定,調(diào)查員采集資料獲取相關(guān)信息,并認真填寫調(diào)查表。調(diào)查遵循知情同意原則。體格檢查涵蓋身高,體重,腰圍,血壓,體脂肪測量,于重點心腦血管疾病問卷調(diào)查表記錄所獲得的結(jié)果。測量方法統(tǒng)一規(guī)定,參考標準按照國際相關(guān)指南制定。各項目按照國家項目質(zhì)量控制工作規(guī)范及方法,完成調(diào)查全過程的質(zhì)量控制,并完成數(shù)據(jù)錄入將收集的資料輸入計算機,整理及邏輯檢錯,建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,進行統(tǒng)計學分析。對資料的分析選用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件包,計數(shù)資料使用率描述,組間比較使用卡方檢驗,并在此基礎上采用logistic回歸方式分析高血壓與影響因素的關(guān)聯(lián)。結(jié)果1900例調(diào)查對象中共發(fā)現(xiàn)高血壓患者468例,患病率為24.63%;男性占28.72%,女性占20.51%;45歲以上年齡組人群高血壓患病率高達48%;體重指數(shù)BMI偏高者(男=25,女=24),患病率占52.27%;符合中心型肥胖及飲食偏咸因素均對高血壓患病差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。導致高血壓患病居高不下的重要因素為體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、年齡、攝鈉量、中心型肥胖。結(jié)論高血壓是一種“生活方式病”,高血壓病防治是一項巨大的社會系統(tǒng)工程,應該盡快在安徽地區(qū)廣泛開展健康促進,積極改進日常不健康的行為方式,合理膳食,戒煙限酒,限制鈉鹽攝入,適當運動,控制體質(zhì)量,這些對于防治高血壓及其相關(guān)疾病具有重要意義。同時還需要政府和衛(wèi)生部門建立完整的監(jiān)測工作體系、病人管理工作體系,宣傳教育和干預工作體系,全方位、多層次地掌握高血壓病流行情況及發(fā)展規(guī)律,并有效控制高血壓的患病率。
[Abstract]:Objective Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors in the global disease burden, which is defined as the rise of arterial blood pressure beyond a certain range. Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease, the prevalence rate is rising, in 2006 the number of people in China has reached nearly 200 million, compared with the rate of awareness, treatment and control rate is very low, showing a surprising difference. There are many causes of hypertension, including socio-demographic factors, such as age, sex, educational attainment, family income, social security system, lifestyle factors such as physical activity frequency, intake of fruits and vegetables, Smoking and drinking, sodium intake; other risk factors or behaviors, such as high body mass index (BMI), hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and genetic factors. In order to facilitate the prevention and control of hypertension in Hefei, this investigation was carried out to understand the prevalence of hypertension and its related factors among the population aged 15 and above in Hefei, Anhui Province. Methods A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method and a simple random sampling method were used to select 1900 patients over 15 years of age in a district of Hefei. Objective information was obtained by questionnaire investigation and physical examination. The questionnaire was drawn up by Fuwei Hospital in Beijing. Investigations follow the principle of informed consent. The physical examination included height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, body fat measurements, and the results recorded in the questionnaire for key Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. The measurement method is unified and the reference standard is formulated in accordance with the relevant international guidelines. According to the national project quality control work standard and method, each project completes the quality control of the whole investigation process, and completes the data input into the computer, collates and logical error checking, establishes the database, and carries on the statistical analysis. SPSS17.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the data, the utilization rate of counting data was described, and the chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between hypertension and influencing factors by logistic regression. Results A total of 468 patients with hypertension were found in 1900 subjects. The prevalence rate of hypertension in the male group was 28.72 and that in the female group was 20.51%. The prevalence rate of hypertension was as high as 48 in the age group of 45 years old or above. The prevalence rate of hypertension was 52.27 in those with high BMI (25 males and 24 females). The difference is statistically significant. Body mass index (BMI), age, sodium intake, and central obesity are important factors leading to high prevalence of hypertension. Conclusion Hypertension is a kind of lifestyle disease. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is a huge social system engineering. Health promotion should be carried out extensively in Anhui as soon as possible. Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, limiting sodium intake, proper exercise and controlling body mass are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and related diseases. At the same time, it is also necessary for the government and the health sector to establish a complete monitoring work system, a patient management system, a publicity, education and intervention system, and a comprehensive and multi-level grasp of the prevalence and development law of hypertension. And effectively control the prevalence of hypertension.
【學位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R544.1

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