本文選題：性別比失衡　切入點(diǎn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵　出處：《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)動態(tài)》2017年04期

【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)80年代以來我國性別比失衡狀況日益嚴(yán)峻,而性別比失衡的一個重要原因是男孩偏好背后的經(jīng)濟(jì)動機(jī)。2003年,我國啟動了"關(guān)愛女孩行動"的試點(diǎn)政策,試點(diǎn)縣區(qū)針對獨(dú)女戶和純女戶在教育、社會保障等方面提供了一系列的獎勵和扶持政策。本文基于這一外生的自然實驗,運(yùn)用倍差法(Difference-in-difference,DID)估計了真實經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵對出生人口性別比的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),"關(guān)愛女孩行動"使得試點(diǎn)縣區(qū)的出生人口性別比顯著下降了12個百分點(diǎn),在排除了瞞報、移民等因素的干擾之后,該結(jié)論依然非常穩(wěn)健。進(jìn)一步研究還發(fā)現(xiàn):"關(guān)愛女孩行動"主要是通過經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵發(fā)揮作用,同期實施的打擊"兩非"行政干預(yù)的作用并不明顯;并且,傾斜性的政策切實改善了試點(diǎn)縣區(qū)的女性地位,女性受教育程度顯著增加了10%。由于真實經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵產(chǎn)生了顯著的作用,這意味著通過制度安排來提高生育女孩的相對收益,是促使我國性別比再平衡的可行方案。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, the gender imbalance in our country has become increasingly serious, and one of the important reasons for the gender imbalance is the economic motivation behind boys' preference. In 2003, China launched a pilot policy of "Care for Girls".The pilot county provides a series of incentive and support policies in education and social security for single and pure female households.Based on this exogenous natural experiment, this paper estimates the effect of real economic incentives on the sex ratio of birth population by using the double difference method (Difference-in-Differencein DIDD).The study found that the Girls' Care Initiative had significantly reduced the sex ratio of births in the pilot counties by 12 percentage points, and that the findings remained robust after removing factors such as underreporting and immigration.Further research also found that the "Girl Care Action" played a role mainly through economic incentives, and that the role of the "two Africa" administrative interventions implemented in the same period was not obvious; and that the preferential policies had effectively improved the status of women in the pilot counties and districts,The educational level of women has increased significantly by 10%.As real economic incentives play a significant role, this means that institutional arrangements to increase the relative income of girls is a feasible way to rebalance the sex ratio in our country.
【作者單位】： 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;上海財經(jīng)大學(xué)公共經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：華中科技大學(xué)中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項資金項目“基于DMSP/OLS夜間衛(wèi)星燈光數(shù)據(jù)的城鎮(zhèn)化測度研究”(2015AD004)和“政治關(guān)聯(lián)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長”(2015AC006)的資助
【分類號】：C913.68

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