本文選題：生態(tài)移民安置區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)　出處：《應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年09期

【摘要】：生態(tài)移民安置區(qū)內(nèi),不同群體在生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)方面存在復(fù)雜的利益沖突.基于安置區(qū)內(nèi)利益群體對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類別、干擾強(qiáng)度的識(shí)別,構(gòu)建相應(yīng)的決策模型,是生態(tài)移民安置區(qū)生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理亟待解決的重要課題.本文依據(jù)利益相關(guān)者理論劃分出生態(tài)移民安置區(qū)4類不同利益群體,并采用參與式半結(jié)構(gòu)訪談法和定性聚合法,構(gòu)建了3類一級(jí)變量和13個(gè)二級(jí)變量的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子體系,進(jìn)一步運(yùn)用模糊認(rèn)知圖模型(FCM)和人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(ANN)開展生態(tài)移民安置區(qū)生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別.結(jié)果表明:從利益相關(guān)者群體生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變量認(rèn)知來看,其共同點(diǎn)是不同利益群體對(duì)垃圾污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變量提及數(shù)量最多,但整體上又存在顯著差異,即管理者注重環(huán)境保護(hù)政策的制定和實(shí)施;居民則關(guān)注生活水平的提高,且直接關(guān)系到其環(huán)保意識(shí)和行為;經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)者多追求經(jīng)濟(jì)利益;環(huán)境保護(hù)者專注于生態(tài)環(huán)境問題.不同利益相關(guān)者群體認(rèn)知圖論指數(shù)結(jié)果顯示,管理者和環(huán)境保護(hù)者對(duì)安置區(qū)生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)知較為全面且清晰.從安置區(qū)4方利益相關(guān)者的整體風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)知結(jié)果來看,生態(tài)環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子顯著影響居民的人身安全及滿意度;公共政策對(duì)安置區(qū)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理起關(guān)鍵作用;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變量的中心度結(jié)果進(jìn)一步表明,提高居民生活水平是防范生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)鍵.從利益相關(guān)者群體生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知與管理情景模擬結(jié)果來看,解決垃圾污染有助于生態(tài)環(huán)境整體改善,且關(guān)鍵是要完善和落實(shí)相關(guān)公共政策;建立健全社會(huì)保障制度,直接關(guān)系居民生活水平和環(huán)保行為;加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),影響景觀生態(tài)格局、生物生境和多樣性,同時(shí)可提高居民滿意度和公眾參與度.
[Abstract]:In the ecological resettlement area, different groups have complex conflicts of interest in ecological environment protection. Based on the identification of risk types and interference intensity, the corresponding decision-making model is constructed. Ecological risk management in ecological resettlement area is an important issue to be solved urgently. According to stakeholder theory, this paper divides four different interest groups in ecological resettlement resettlement area, and adopts participatory semi-structural interview and qualitative aggregation method. The ecological risk factor system of 3 kinds of first class variables and 13 second class variables was constructed. Furthermore, the fuzzy cognitive map model (FCM) and artificial neural network (Ann) are used to identify ecological risk in ecological resettlement areas. The results show that: from the perspective of the cognition of ecological risk variables of stakeholder groups, The common denominator is that different interest groups mention the most garbage pollution risk variables, but there are significant differences on the whole, that is, managers pay attention to the formulation and implementation of environmental protection policies, and residents pay attention to the improvement of living standards. It is directly related to their consciousness and behavior of environmental protection; economic activists tend to pursue economic interests; environmentalists focus on ecological environmental problems. The results of cognitive graph theory of different stakeholder groups show that, Managers and environmental protectors have a comprehensive and clear understanding of the ecological risk in the resettlement area. From the overall risk cognition results of the stakeholders in the resettlement area, the ecological environmental risk factors significantly affect the residents' personal safety and satisfaction. Public policies play a key role in risk management in resettlement areas; the centrality of risk variables further indicates that. Improving the living standard of residents is the key to prevent ecological risk. According to the results of stakeholder group ecological risk perception and management scenario simulation, solving garbage pollution is helpful to the overall improvement of ecological environment. The key is to improve and implement the relevant public policies, to establish and improve the social security system, directly related to the living standards of residents and environmental protection behavior, to strengthen infrastructure construction, to affect landscape ecological patterns, biological habitats and diversity, At the same time, it can improve residents' satisfaction and public participation.
【作者單位】： 寧夏大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;寧夏(中阿)旱區(qū)資源評(píng)價(jià)與環(huán)境調(diào)控重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41461039)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：X32

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