本文選題：黑龍江省　切入點：失地農(nóng)民　出處：《哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：黑龍江省是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)糧大省,農(nóng)村人口占總?cè)丝诘?2%,農(nóng)業(yè)占據(jù)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)地位,長期以來土地收入是農(nóng)民家庭經(jīng)濟的主要來源之一,是農(nóng)村婦女就業(yè)權(quán)和生存權(quán)實現(xiàn)的保障。隨著黑龍江省農(nóng)村剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)政策的穩(wěn)步推進實施,農(nóng)村城市化進程的加快,越來越多的農(nóng)村人口失去土地,面臨著由"農(nóng)民身份"向"城市身份"轉(zhuǎn)變的邊緣地帶,許多學(xué)者把這些處于身份轉(zhuǎn)變的人群稱為"失地農(nóng)民",他們的出現(xiàn)迫使越來越多的農(nóng)村家庭女性進入勞動市場,尋求就業(yè)。本文以"黑龍江省農(nóng)村失地婦女"為研究對象,利用現(xiàn)有文獻資料及借鑒其他學(xué)者研究的分析結(jié)果,對失地農(nóng)民及失地婦女進行概念界定;文章分為五個章節(jié)主要采用文獻研究與對比分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,運用婦女產(chǎn)權(quán)貧困理論、公平理論、婦女人權(quán)理論對黑龍江省農(nóng)村失地婦女就業(yè)保障現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題進行闡述;現(xiàn)階段農(nóng)村失地婦女在性別方面:與男性失地農(nóng)民相比,她們的年齡普遍相對偏高、受教育文化程度相對較低,導(dǎo)致她們在就業(yè)過程出現(xiàn)就業(yè)范圍狹窄、層次較低、經(jīng)濟來源單一等問題;在勞動力市場方面:她們在勞動力市場競爭中會受到自身綜合素質(zhì)不高,普遍缺乏專業(yè)勞動技能的限制,使她們更容易陷入就業(yè)危機。從政府、社會、個人三方面究其原因,政府層面:就業(yè)安置方式、公共服務(wù)機制、就業(yè)和社會保障制度的不完善;社會層面:傳統(tǒng)性別偏見、勞動力市場信息的不對稱、中介服務(wù)組織的不健全;個人層面:文化程度及勞動技能的缺失、就業(yè)意識及維權(quán)意識的薄弱對黑龍江省農(nóng)村失地婦女的就業(yè)保障產(chǎn)生了影響。通過對國外土地征用制度和國外失地婦女就業(yè)保障的經(jīng)驗借鑒并針對以上三方面因素存在的問題提出相應(yīng)科學(xué)合理地解決對策和建議。自1995年"男女平等"基本國策的頒布實施,農(nóng)村婦女地位不斷的提高,2017年1月黑龍江省政府工作報告中指出:"繼續(xù)推動婦女兒童、老齡和殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展."農(nóng)村失地婦女權(quán)益成為政府及許多專家學(xué)者關(guān)注的焦點。農(nóng)村失地婦女作為社會成員的重要組成部分,她們在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的過程中做出了犧牲,政府給予他們相應(yīng)的就業(yè)保障和經(jīng)濟補償不僅是社會保障制度的內(nèi)在要求,更是促進農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,維護社會秩序及穩(wěn)定的需要。
[Abstract]:Heilongjiang province is the major grain producing province agriculture, the rural population accounts for 42% of the total population, the agriculture occupies dominant position of economic development for a long time, the land revenue is one of the main sources of peasant family economy, employment rights and survival rights of rural women to achieve protection. With the steady progress of employment policy in Heilongjiang province rural surplus labor transfer implementation. The process of speeding up the rural city, more and more of the rural population lost land, faced with the transformation from "farmer identity" to "city identity" of the edge, many scholars put these in the transformation of identity group called "landless peasants", they appear more and more rural families forced women to enter the labor market, seeking employment. This paper takes "rural women" landless Heilongjiang Province as the research object, based on the analysis result of the existing literature and reference research of other scholars, the landless peasants and landless women Definition; the article is divided into five chapters mainly adopts the research method of combining literature research and comparative analysis, the use of women's property rights poverty theory, equity theory, women's human rights theory elaborated on rural landless women employment in Heilongjiang province to protect the current situation and existing problems of rural landless women; at the present stage: compared with the male gender landless peasants, their age is generally relatively high, the level of education is relatively low, leading them in the course of employment employment scope is narrow, low level, single source of economic problems; in the labor market: they will be their own comprehensive quality is not high in the labor market competition, lack of professional skills limit that makes them more vulnerable to the employment crisis. From the government, society, individual three aspects of the reason, the government level: employment mode, public service mechanism, Employment and social security system is not perfect; the social level: traditional gender bias, asymmetric information in labor market, intermediary service organization is not perfect; the individual level: lack of skill education and labor, employment consciousness and rights consciousness weak of landless women in Heilongjiang province rural employment guarantee by the foreign influence. The land requisition system and the protection of overseas employment of landless women experience and the existence of the above three factors scientific problems and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Since 1995 the "equality" the promulgation and implementation of the basic national policy, and continuously improve the status of rural women in Heilongjiang Province, pointed out that in January 2017 the government work report: "continue to promote women and children the cause of aging, and the disabled." rural landless women's rights has become the focus of attention of the government and many experts and scholars of the rural landless women. As an important part of the social members, they made sacrifices in the process of economic development and modernization, the government give them employment security and the corresponding economic compensation is not only the inherent requirement of the social security system, it is to promote rural economic development, maintaining social order and stability.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D669.68

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