本文關(guān)鍵詞： 當(dāng)代中國 公益精神 培育　出處：《中央財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公益精神是公益主體從關(guān)懷和利他意識出發(fā),對人類社會發(fā)展共同關(guān)注的問題、社會特殊群體的關(guān)懷和扶助所進行的實踐過程中展現(xiàn)的心理態(tài)度、價值觀念和人格品質(zhì),體現(xiàn)了人在超越個體私利之上的理性精神升華和個人對社會的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng),是人的自然屬性、社會屬性和精神屬性的統(tǒng)一。改革開放三十多年來,我國經(jīng)濟體制改革不斷深入,市場在資源配置中發(fā)揮了日益重要的作用,經(jīng)濟建設(shè)取得了突出的成績,同時也產(chǎn)生了許多問題。社會分配過程中的諸多復(fù)雜因素使貧富差距加大,社會矛盾突出。公共領(lǐng)域因為非排它性和非競爭性出現(xiàn)市場失靈,社會保障因制度不完善對此難以進行彌補。思想道德領(lǐng)域中原有的道德體系逐漸瓦解,新的思想道德體系尚未形成,又缺乏完備的法律法規(guī)進行規(guī)范,導(dǎo)致了社會轉(zhuǎn)型過程中公共領(lǐng)域各種不和諧的現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生,如生態(tài)環(huán)境的嚴重破壞、公共資源的過度使用、社會弱勢群體增加、個人利益與公共利益矛盾凸顯等。在此背景下,公益活動作為社會財富的第三次分配方式為當(dāng)前減小貧富差距,緩解社會矛盾發(fā)揮了日益重要的作用。因此,公益精神的培育,有助于人們形成公益理性的價值觀,正確對待公利與私利之間的沖突;有助于人們建構(gòu)理性的生活態(tài)度,合理運用公共資源;有助于人們塑造無私奉獻的精神,關(guān)懷和扶助社會弱勢群體,努力改善教育、醫(yī)療、衛(wèi)生等社會公共事業(yè)的改革發(fā)展。本論文研究從公益現(xiàn)象的歷史考察和公益精神的概念界定出發(fā),通過梳理中外學(xué)者以及馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家的公益思想,為當(dāng)代中國公益精神培育提供必要的理論基礎(chǔ);通過對當(dāng)代中國公益精神現(xiàn)狀的調(diào)查研究,剖析當(dāng)前公益精神缺失的原因及其影響,為公益精神的培育提供實證支持;在理論剖析和實證調(diào)研基礎(chǔ)上,有針對性地提出當(dāng)前我國培育公益精神的可行路徑。全文除導(dǎo)論和結(jié)語外,共由五章組成。導(dǎo)論闡述了五個方面的問題。一是研究背景及意義。從理論背景、現(xiàn)實背景出發(fā),闡釋當(dāng)代中國公益精神培育的重要性和必要性,認為公益精神的培育是人的全面發(fā)展、社會發(fā)展實現(xiàn)公平正義、實現(xiàn)人類發(fā)展共同富裕的必然要求;二是梳理和分析國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究成果,掌握當(dāng)前公益精神的研究動態(tài);三是概括研究主要內(nèi)容和重難點;四是設(shè)計整篇論文的總體思路和方法。五是闡述主要創(chuàng)新之處和反思不足的地方。第一章以公益的詞源考察為起點,界定公益精神的相關(guān)概念和公益精神主體。從中國傳統(tǒng)思想中具有代表性的儒釋道公益思想、西方公益思想和馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家公益思想中,找出當(dāng)代中國公益精神產(chǎn)生的思想淵源,為培育提供借鑒資源,奠定下文寫作的理論基礎(chǔ)。第二章主要考察當(dāng)代中國公益精神的內(nèi)涵、特征及價值體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)代中國公益精神的內(nèi)涵主要包含超越私利的利他精神、扶助弱勢的友愛精神、熱心公益的責(zé)任意識、注重行動的實踐精神;體現(xiàn)助人自助的互惠性、人格平等的責(zé)任性和理性主導(dǎo)的自覺性的特征。展現(xiàn)了增進社會公共利益、促進社會公平正義、引領(lǐng)社會風(fēng)尚、推動社會進步和諧的時代價值。第三章對當(dāng)前我國公益精神的現(xiàn)狀進行了實證調(diào)查。調(diào)查當(dāng)前人們在公共生活中公共意識、公益認知、公益責(zé)任的表現(xiàn)。概括總結(jié)當(dāng)前中國公益精神中比較積極的方面、存在的問題和產(chǎn)生的后果,并分析公益精神缺失的原因所在。第四章研究當(dāng)代中國政治、經(jīng)濟、文化轉(zhuǎn)型為公益精神培育提供的現(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ)。主要研究中國市場經(jīng)濟的深入轉(zhuǎn)型為當(dāng)代中國公益精神的培育提供了現(xiàn)代公益精神形成所必須的人的主體地位、權(quán)利與義務(wù)和自由與平等的思想和公益理性價值觀;政治體制的改革為現(xiàn)代公益精神的培育提供了正確的方向、優(yōu)化了原有累贅的管理體制,形成了多渠道的公益參與渠道;多元文化背景下中國傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承創(chuàng)新,與其他文化的交流、碰撞和融合形成的先進文化為現(xiàn)代公益精神的培育營造了良好的氛圍。第五章針對上一章中調(diào)查的結(jié)果分析,在前四章研究的基礎(chǔ)上,找出公益精神培育的載體和培育原則,提出有效的公益精神培育途徑。公益精神的培育需建立在公益活動的具體實踐之中,因此本文針對當(dāng)代中國公益活動的具體實踐把公益精神的培育載體分為管理載體、活動載體、文化載體和大眾傳媒載體。在堅持主體性、針對性、層次性和整合性原則相互結(jié)合的基礎(chǔ)上,通過加強公益文化建設(shè)、重視公益教育、完善公益管理機制、培育專業(yè)公益人才、創(chuàng)新公益模式的途徑,培育當(dāng)代中國公益精神。結(jié)語部分是對本文主要內(nèi)容總結(jié)、反思和未來研究的展望。本文認為,社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的深入轉(zhuǎn)型和發(fā)展,當(dāng)代中國公益精神的現(xiàn)狀難以成為推動社會發(fā)展進步的精神動力,本文期望在考察公益發(fā)展的歷史上,對當(dāng)代中國公益精神培育提出可行性的建構(gòu)措施,促進公益精神從傳統(tǒng)向現(xiàn)代的轉(zhuǎn)型,為推進中國公益大眾化做出理論與實踐相結(jié)合的研究。
[Abstract]:Public spirit is the main public welfare from caring and altruistic awareness of issues of common concern on the development of human society, to show the mental attitude of the practice process of special groups of social care and support for the concept of value, and personality quality, reflects the people play beyond the rational spirit of selfish individuals on the sublimation and personal responsibility to society that is the nature of human being, the unity of social and spiritual attributes. Thirty years of reform and opening up, China's economic system reform, the market has played an increasingly important role in the allocation of resources, economic development has made outstanding achievements, but also caused a lot of problems. Many complex factors in the process of social distribution the widening gap between rich and poor social contradictions. The public domain because of the non exclusive and non competitive market failure, because of the social security system is not perfect in this regard to Line up. The ideological and moral in the field of the original moral system collapsed and a new moral system has not been formed, and the lack of comprehensive laws and regulations to regulate, to produce a variety of public domain in the process of social transformation is not harmonious phenomenon, such as serious environmental damage, excessive use of public resources, social vulnerable groups increased, personal interests and public interests contradictions. Under this background, public welfare activities as the third distribution of social wealth for the current to reduce the gap between rich and poor, to alleviate social contradictions has played an increasingly important role. Therefore, to cultivate public spirit, helps in the formation of public rational values to people, to deal with the conflict between the public and gain; help people to construct a rational attitude towards life, rational use of public resources; to help people create the spirit of selfless dedication, care and support the social vulnerable Groups, efforts to improve education, health care, health and other social undertakings reform and development. This paper studies from the concept of public phenomenon in history and the definition of the public spirit, through combing the Chinese and foreign scholars and the public thought of Marx and Engels, provide the necessary theoretical basis for the cultivation of public spirit in contemporary China; through the investigation and Study on the Chinese public spirit status, analysis of causes and effects of the current lack of public spirit, cultivate public spirit to provide empirical support; on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical research, pertinently put forward the feasible path for the current China to cultivate public spirit. Besides the introduction and conclusion, is composed of five chapters. The introduction expounds five aspects. One is the background and significance of research. From the theoretical background, realistic background, contemporary interpretation of public spirit cultivation and the importance of Chinese The necessity, thinks that the cultivation of public spirit is people's all-round development and social development, to achieve fairness and justice, a necessary requirement to achieve the common prosperity of the human development; two is sorting out the relevant research and analysis at home and abroad, grasp the current dynamic research of public spirit; three is to summarize research contents and difficulties; four is the general idea and the design method of the whole thesis. The five describes the main innovation and Reflection on the deficiencies. In the first chapter of public etymology study as a starting point, the definition of the related concepts of public spirit and public spirit. The main representative from Chinese in traditional thoughts of Confucianism and western public thought, public thought of Marx and Engels public thought, to find out the ideological origins of modern Chinese commonweal spirit, to provide reference for the cultivation of resources, lay a theoretical foundation for the following writing. The second chapter mainly discusses the generation of Chinese when The connotation of public spirit, characteristic and value. The connotation of the contemporary China public spirit mainly includes the spirit of altruism beyond the self-interest, the spirit of love and friendship to help the disadvantaged, public responsibility consciousness, action oriented spirit of practice; embody the reciprocity of self-help, responsibility and consciousness of the rational dominant personality equal. Show the improvement of social public interests, promote social fairness and justice, to lead society, promote social progress and harmony of the value of the times. The third chapter makes an empirical investigation on the current situation of China's public spirit. To survey the current people in public life and public awareness, public awareness, public responsibility. Summed up the more positive aspects Chinese public spirit in the current problems and consequences, and analyze the reasons for lack of public spirit. The fourth chapter studies the contemporary Chinese politics, economy, culture The transformation of public spirit cultivation. The main cultivation provides realistic basis research for the contemporary market economy transformation Chinese Chinese public spirit provides modern public spirit essential for the formation of the subject position, rights and obligations and freedom and equality ideology and public rational values; foster the reform of the political system for the modern public spirit. Provide the right direction, optimizes the original cumbersome management system, the formation of multi channels of public participation channels; inheritance and innovation of traditional culture Chinese multicultural background, and other cultural exchanges, culture collision and fusion formation of advanced culture for the modern public spirit to create a good atmosphere for the investigation on the fifth chapter. A chapter in the analysis of results, on the basis of chapter four research, find out the carrier of public spirit cultivation and cultivation principle, put forward the effective cultivation of public spirit The concrete practice way. Cultivate the public spirit should be established in public welfare activities, so this paper according to the specific practice of contemporary Chinese welfare activities to cultivate public spirit into the management of carrier carrier, activity carrier, culture carrier and mass media. On the subject, the basis, combination of hierarchy and the principle of integration on the strengthening of public culture, pay attention to public education, improve public management mechanism, cultivate professional public service personnel, ways of public service model innovation, cultivate the public spirit of contemporary Chinese. Conclusion part is a summary of the main contents of this paper, reflection and Prospect of future research. This paper argues that the deep transformation and the development of the socialist market economy status the Chinese public spirited hard to become a spiritual force to promote social progress, the public expectations in the study on the history of the development of contemporary China. The cultivation of Public Spirit puts forward feasible constructive measures, promoting transformation of public spirit from traditional to modern, and combining theory with practice to promote the popularization of public welfare in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D632.9

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