本文關(guān)鍵詞： 耕地后備資源 濱海灘涂 灘涂圍墾 土壤質(zhì)量 江蘇沿海　出處：《地理學(xué)報》2017年11期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：淤漲型沿海灘涂作為中國重要濕地和耕地后備資源,承擔(dān)著生態(tài)保護、社會保障、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等多重服務(wù)功能。選取江蘇中部淤漲型濱海灘涂開展實證分析,分析圍墾年限為0~40年灘涂墾區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量因子空間差異,采用"時空代換"方法揭示濱海灘涂圍墾后耕地質(zhì)量的演變趨勢,為沿海灘涂圍墾區(qū)耕地資源可持續(xù)利用提供決策參考。結(jié)果表明:江蘇中部沿海灘涂土壤總體呈現(xiàn)鹽堿度高、養(yǎng)分貧瘠等特征且土壤理化性質(zhì)變異程度高,土壤質(zhì)地呈現(xiàn)顯著南北和陸海梯度特征。灘涂墾區(qū)圍墾初期地形、植被狀態(tài)和圍墾后濱海灘涂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦芈窂綄Ω刭|(zhì)量演變趨勢均具有重要影響。沿海灘涂轉(zhuǎn)為耕地路徑由墾區(qū)自然條件、開發(fā)主體、開發(fā)規(guī)模等因素共同作用,江蘇中部沿海灘涂轉(zhuǎn)為耕地路徑已從"鹽生植被→養(yǎng)殖水體→耕地"轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?鹽生植被→耕地",該轉(zhuǎn)變縮短了灘涂轉(zhuǎn)為耕地的周期,但同時也帶來圍墾灘涂撂荒閑置現(xiàn)象。圍墾后沿海灘涂土壤逐步向耕地土壤轉(zhuǎn)變,耕地質(zhì)量因子演變趨勢可分為四種:上升型,如土壤全磷、有效磷、粘粒含量;下降型,如土壤砂粒含量;下降—上升型,如有機質(zhì)、全氮、堿解氮和CEC;上升—下降型,如土壤鹽分和pH。圍墾初期,灘涂土壤脫離海水環(huán)境,土壤有機質(zhì)發(fā)生礦化過程呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,土壤鹽分和pH受到蒸發(fā)和蒸騰作用急劇上升;圍墾中期,受到人類耕作作物秸稈等有機物輸入以及施肥的影響,土壤有機質(zhì)、養(yǎng)分等呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,土壤鹽分和pH呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢;圍墾后期,耕地質(zhì)量因子受到耕作管理影響存在一定幅度的波動,由于沿海灘涂墾區(qū)耕地形成時間短,耕地質(zhì)量對耕作管理等因素敏感度高。
[Abstract]:As an important reserve resource of wetland and cultivated land in China, silt tidal flat has many service functions, such as ecological protection, social security, economic development and so on. This paper analyzes the spatial differences of cultivated land quality factors in coastal reclamation areas with a reclamation period of 0 ~ 40 years, and reveals the evolution trend of cultivated land quality after coastal beach reclamation by using the method of "time and space replacement". The results showed that the soil in central Jiangsu showed high salinity, poor nutrients and high variability of soil physical and chemical properties. The soil texture showed the characteristics of north and south and land and sea gradients. Vegetation status and cultivated land path change to cultivated land after reclamation have an important impact on the trend of cultivated land quality. The coastal beach to cultivated land path from the natural conditions of reclamation area, the main development. Factors such as scale of development combined, the path of coastal beach to cultivated land has changed from "halophytic vegetation" to "halophytic vegetation" in the middle of Jiangsu Province. 鈫扖ulture water. 鈫扖onversion of cultivated land to halophytic vegetation. 鈫，

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