本文關(guān)鍵詞： 武漢市 城市化進程 流動人口貧困問題　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：筆者通過認真研讀國內(nèi)外對武漢市流動人口貧困問題的相關(guān)理論、成果等,從人力資本理論視角,精心設(shè)計調(diào)查問卷,親自深入調(diào)研、個案訪談,較深入全面探析了武漢市流動人口貧困的現(xiàn)狀,與導(dǎo)致貧困的社會深層原因,并提出了從根本上解決問題的建議性對策。武漢市流動貧困人口現(xiàn)狀為:(1)工作收入不穩(wěn)定。他們遭城市排斥、歧視,從事的多是苦、累、險、工資低的崗位,自身文化程度不高,不滿城市、單位傾向喜好跳槽,企業(yè)為最大化降低成本、提高效益不斷更換員工。(2)難以有效維護權(quán)益。他們文化綜合素質(zhì)不高,缺乏維權(quán)的專業(yè)知識、強烈意識,又遭城市排斥、歧視。(3)生活環(huán)境差,被排斥在社會保障體系外。他們在住房、家電、飲食等內(nèi)在的生活環(huán)境上,與住地所在社區(qū)的建筑、物業(yè)的外在環(huán)境上都較差。武漢市流動人口陷入貧困的社會深層原因是:(1)工業(yè)化、城市化進程。二者相因相生。改革開放前,工業(yè)化發(fā)展緩慢,城市化率低,改革開放后,工業(yè)化進程加快,但城市化進程緩慢,遠低于發(fā)達國家同階段工業(yè)化進程的城市化率,城市積累了從歷史到現(xiàn)在的大量的未能轉(zhuǎn)化成真正市民的農(nóng)民工。(2)城市貧富差距加大。由于城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu),競爭不公正,市場機制、社會制度等不完善,致中國的基尼系數(shù)約0.5,排在世界前列。貧富差距在城市主要表現(xiàn)為流動人口與城市戶籍當(dāng)?shù)厥忻瘛?3)戶籍制度、社會保障制度的缺失。戶籍制度是導(dǎo)致武漢市流動人口貧困的一個最根本性原因,所有對農(nóng)民工等農(nóng)民不公正的歧視全附著于戶籍,社會保障制度亦分為不公正的城鎮(zhèn)、農(nóng)村兩套體系,致農(nóng)民工在城市享受不到應(yīng)得的城鎮(zhèn)保障體系待遇。最后,筆者就如何解決武漢市流動人口貧困問題提出了自己的治理對策——明確貧困理念是前提、完善各項制度是根本、納入均等化服務(wù)是保障。
[Abstract]:Through a careful study of the domestic and foreign floating population poverty related theories, results, from the perspective of human capital theory, carefully designed questionnaires, personally in-depth investigation, case interviews. Deeply and comprehensively analyzes the current situation of the floating population poverty in Wuhan, and the deep social causes leading to poverty. At the same time, the author puts forward some suggestions to solve the problem fundamentally. The current situation of the floating poor population in Wuhan is: 1) the work income is unstable. They are excluded from the city, discriminated, engaged in suffering, tired, dangerous. The low salary position, own education level is not high, dissatisfied with the city, the unit inclines to like to change jobs, the enterprise reduces the cost in order to maximize. It is difficult for them to maintain their rights and interests effectively. They lack the professional knowledge of protecting their rights and interests, lack the professional knowledge of protecting their rights, have strong consciousness, are excluded by the city, and discriminate against. 3) the living environment is poor. They are excluded from the social security system. They live in housing, household appliances, food, and other living environments, with the building of the community in which they live. The deep social causes of the floating population in Wuhan are: 1) industrialization and urbanization. The two are related to each other. Before the reform and opening up, industrialization developed slowly. The urbanization rate is low, after the reform and opening up, the industrialization process speeds up, but the urbanization process is slow, which is far lower than the urbanization rate of the developed countries at the same stage of the industrialization process. Cities have accumulated a large number of migrant workers who have not been transformed into real citizens from history to the present. (2) the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas has widened. Due to the dual structure of urban and rural areas, unfair competition, market mechanism, social system and so on is not perfect. The Gini coefficient of China is about 0.5, ranking first in the world. The gap between the rich and the poor is mainly manifested in the floating population and the urban household registration system. The lack of social security system. Household registration system is one of the most fundamental reasons leading to the poverty of floating population in Wuhan, all the unfair discrimination against peasant workers and other farmers is attached to the household registration. Social security system is also divided into unfair cities and towns, rural two sets of systems, so that migrant workers in the city can not enjoy the urban security system treatment. Finally. The author puts forward his own countermeasures on how to solve the poverty problem of floating population in Wuhan. It is the premise to make clear the concept of poverty, the fundamental is to perfect every system, and the guarantee is to include equal service.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：C924.24

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