本文關(guān)鍵詞： 最低生活保障 社會(huì)救助 法律對(duì)策　出處：《新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市居民最低生活保障制度是以保障城市居民的基本生活為目的，由政府根據(jù)本地的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平和人民生活水平，合理制定當(dāng)?shù)刈畹蜕畋Ｕ蠘?biāo)準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)，政府通過(guò)家計(jì)調(diào)查的方法確定家庭成員的收入，對(duì)低于保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的部分給于差額補(bǔ)助的一種社會(huì)救助制度。1999年10月1日實(shí)施《城市居民最低生活保障條例》標(biāo)志著城市最低生活保障制度走向制度化、法律化的軌道。制度自實(shí)施以來(lái)在縮小貧富差距，化解社會(huì)矛盾、維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、保障公民的基本生存權(quán)利方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。但由于這項(xiàng)制度建立的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng)，在制度的設(shè)計(jì)和具體運(yùn)行中仍有亟需解決的問(wèn)題。本文從法律的角度，對(duì)城市居民最低生活保障制度的理論和實(shí)踐進(jìn)行分析和研究，借鑒國(guó)外立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提出對(duì)完善我國(guó)最低生活保障制度的法律對(duì)策，具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文內(nèi)容及體例安排如下： 第一章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的概述。首先界定城市居民最低生活保障制度的概念，其次簡(jiǎn)要回顧了我國(guó)最低生活保障制度的發(fā)展和變遷并簡(jiǎn)析了低保制度建立的意義，在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)城市居民最低生活保障制度的法學(xué)理論進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要分析，最后以《城市居民最低生活保障條例》為依據(jù)，結(jié)合地方實(shí)踐，對(duì)低保制度進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要介紹。 第二章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的立法缺陷及完善。首先論述了城市居民最低生活保障制度在立法方面存在的缺陷，其次通過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)外立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)的對(duì)比，建議立法機(jī)關(guān)在立法時(shí)首先明確國(guó)家責(zé)任理念，進(jìn)而提升低保制度的立法層次，盡快出臺(tái)《社會(huì)救助法》，完善社會(huì)救助法律體系。 第三章，城市居民最低生活保障制度中保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題及其解決。首先分析了保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在制定時(shí)法律依據(jù)過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)、保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定權(quán)主體層次低、保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定權(quán)的行使缺少法律規(guī)制三個(gè)問(wèn)題，其次提出要明確保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與生存權(quán)的關(guān)系，對(duì)城市居民最低生活保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行法制化的完善。 第四章，城市居民最低生活保障制度中家計(jì)調(diào)查問(wèn)題及其解決。首先針對(duì)家計(jì)調(diào)查程序中調(diào)查主體不明確、調(diào)查方式缺少有效性的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，其次對(duì)家計(jì)調(diào)查程序存在缺陷的原因進(jìn)行分析，并提出完善家計(jì)調(diào)查程序的建議。 第五章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的深度思考。首先對(duì)資金籌集機(jī)制中資金負(fù)擔(dān)比例不明確，，缺乏穩(wěn)定籌資方式進(jìn)行分析，其次提出通過(guò)合理分擔(dān)籌資比例、多渠道籌集資金、加強(qiáng)資金的監(jiān)管三個(gè)方面完善低保資金籌集機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The minimum living security system for urban residents is to protect the basic life of urban residents, the government according to the local level of economic and social development and people's living standards, reasonable formulation of the local minimum standard of living line. The Government determines the income of family members through household surveys. A social assistance system in which the portion below the security standard is given a differential subsidy. The implementation of the regulations on the minimum living Security of Urban residents in October 1st 1999 marks the institutionalization of the minimum living security system in the city. . Since its implementation, the system has been narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, resolving social contradictions and maintaining social stability. The protection of citizens' basic survival rights has played an important role. However, because the establishment of this system is not long, there are still some problems that need to be solved in the design and operation of the system. This article from the perspective of the law. This paper analyzes and studies the theory and practice of the minimum living security system of urban residents, draws lessons from foreign legislative experience, and puts forward legal countermeasures to perfect the minimum living security system of our country. The content and style of this paper are as follows: The first chapter is an overview of the minimum living security system for urban residents. Firstly, the concept of the minimum living security system for urban residents is defined. Secondly, it briefly reviews the development and changes of the minimum living security system in China, and analyzes the significance of the establishment of the minimum living security system, on the basis of which the legal theory of the minimum living security system for urban residents is briefly analyzed. Finally, based on the regulations on the minimum living security of urban residents and local practice, this paper briefly introduces the system of minimum living security. The second chapter discusses the legislative defects and perfection of the minimum living security system for urban residents. Firstly, it discusses the defects in the legislation of the minimum living security system of urban residents, and then compares the legislative experience at home and abroad. It is suggested that the legislature should first clarify the concept of national responsibility, raise the legislative level of the minimum security system, issue the Social Assistance Law as soon as possible, and perfect the legal system of social assistance. The third chapter, the security standards in the minimum living security system of urban residents and their solutions. First of all, the legal basis of the security standards is too general, and the level of the main body of the right to establish the standards is low. There are three problems in the exercise of the right to ensure the establishment of the standard of living. Secondly, it is proposed that the relationship between the standard of guarantee and the right to life should be clearly defined and the minimum standard of living security for urban residents should be improved by law. Chapter 4th, the urban residents in the minimum living security system of household survey problems and their solutions. First of all, the survey procedures in the survey process is not clear, the lack of effectiveness of the survey methods to analyze the problems. Secondly, it analyzes the reasons of the defects of the family investigation procedure, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the family investigation procedure. Chapter 5th, the urban residents of the minimum living security system in-depth thinking. First of all, the proportion of capital burden in the fund raising mechanism is not clear, the lack of stable financing methods are analyzed. Secondly, the paper puts forward to improve the mechanism of raising funds by sharing the proportion of raising funds reasonably, raising funds through multiple channels and strengthening the supervision of funds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D632.1

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