本文選題：鄉(xiāng)村聚落 + 土壤侵蝕��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2005年博士論文

【摘要】：陜北黃土高原多沙粗沙區(qū)面積4.35萬km~2,占黃河中游多沙粗沙區(qū)的55.4%,是黃河泥沙主要物源的核心區(qū)域,年產(chǎn)泥沙3.1億t,水土流失非常嚴(yán)重。改革開放以來,陜北黃土高原經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人口的自然增加,不僅促進(jìn)了小城鎮(zhèn)化的進(jìn)程,大量群眾不斷建新房、棄舊居,而且促進(jìn)了鄉(xiāng)村聚落的快速發(fā)展。然而,在廣大的鄉(xiāng)村由于以往對鄉(xiāng)村聚落發(fā)展建設(shè)中的水土保持認(rèn)識不足,重視不夠,致使新建住宅、修筑鄉(xiāng)村道路過程中,隨意堆放棄土,造成了嚴(yán)重的土壤侵蝕;同時大量的被棄用的舊窯洞,易于坍塌,也促進(jìn)了土壤侵蝕;而且現(xiàn)有聚落中普遍存在著較為嚴(yán)重的水力侵蝕。隨著國家退耕還林(草)政策的實(shí)施,廣大坡面及溝壑侵蝕的減小,生態(tài)環(huán)境得到改善,鄉(xiāng)村聚落土壤侵蝕問題更顯突出,急需盡快加以研究。近幾年來許多學(xué)者重視了城市聚落土壤侵蝕問題,并進(jìn)行了一定研究,但關(guān)于鄉(xiāng)村聚落發(fā)展對土壤侵蝕影響的專門研究,目前尚未見到,僅在少數(shù)其它內(nèi)容的文章中有所涉及。因此,開展陜北黃土高原鄉(xiāng)村聚落土壤侵蝕的研究工作,不僅可以豐富土壤侵蝕學(xué)科研究內(nèi)容,拓寬研究范圍,促進(jìn)學(xué)科發(fā)展,還可以為防治土壤侵蝕,減少入黃泥沙,建設(shè)生態(tài)型鄉(xiāng)村聚落,提供重要的科學(xué)依據(jù)與參考,為改善農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境,保持水土服務(wù)。也可供黃土高原其它地區(qū)借鑒。 本文在全面考察陜北黃土高原多沙粗沙區(qū)19個縣區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)上,通過定位觀測、典型地段調(diào)查、定量分析等方法,用大量的數(shù)據(jù),系統(tǒng)地分析探討了鄉(xiāng)村聚落發(fā)展及其土壤侵蝕問題,指出,陜北黃土高原鄉(xiāng)村聚落土壤侵蝕非常嚴(yán)重,已經(jīng)成為該區(qū)水土流失“新的增長點(diǎn)”。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和取得的成果有: 1.分析了黃土高原以窯洞為特色的鄉(xiāng)村聚落的發(fā)展歷史,并首次對窯洞聚落的發(fā)展歷史進(jìn)行了分期。指出,陜北黃土高原鄉(xiāng)村聚落的發(fā)展歷史悠久、源遠(yuǎn)流長,5000年前的仰韶文化時期,窯洞就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn),定邊縣樊學(xué)鄉(xiāng)白狼岔墳坰峁蓋東北山坡的墳坰峁蓋遺址應(yīng)該是陜北黃土高原迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)最早的黃土窯洞遺址。但關(guān)于黃土窯洞最早的記載始見于西周時期,距今已有三千多年。窯洞聚落的發(fā)展歷史可以劃分為零星窯洞時期、技術(shù)成熟時期、聚落穩(wěn)定時期、聚落擴(kuò)張與遷移時期等四個時期。 2.以野外調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ),定量分析了鄉(xiāng)村聚落的類型、空間分布、用地特點(diǎn)
[Abstract]:The sandy and coarse sandy area of the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi is 43500 km2, which accounts for 55.4% of the coarse sandy area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is the core area of the main sediment source of the Yellow River. The annual sediment yield is 310 million t and the soil erosion is very serious. Since the reform and opening up, the development of economy and the natural increase of population in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi have not only promoted the process of small urbanization, but also promoted the rapid development of rural settlements by a large number of people building new houses and abandoning old houses. However, due to the lack of understanding of soil and water conservation in the development and construction of rural settlements in the past, insufficient attention has been paid to it, resulting in the construction of new houses and the construction of rural roads, giving up soil at will, resulting in serious soil erosion. At the same time, a large number of abandoned old caves are easy to collapse, also promote soil erosion, and the existing settlements generally exist more serious hydraulic erosion. With the implementation of the national policy of returning cropland to forest (grass), the erosion of sloping land and gully has been reduced, the ecological environment has been improved, the problem of soil erosion in rural settlements is more prominent, and it is urgent to study it as soon as possible. In recent years, many scholars have paid attention to the problem of soil erosion in urban settlements and carried out some studies. However, the special research on the impact of rural settlement development on soil erosion has not been seen, only in a few other articles. Therefore, the research work of soil erosion in rural settlements on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi can not only enrich the research contents of soil erosion, broaden the scope of research and promote the development of the subject, but also can prevent and control soil erosion and reduce the yellow sediment. The construction of ecological rural settlements provides important scientific basis and reference for improving the rural ecological environment and maintaining soil and water services. It can also be used for reference in other areas of the Loess Plateau. On the basis of a comprehensive investigation of 19 counties and regions in the sandy and coarse sand areas of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, this paper uses a large number of data by means of location observation, investigation of typical areas, quantitative analysis, etc. The development of rural settlements and the problem of soil erosion are systematically analyzed and discussed. It is pointed out that the soil erosion of rural settlements in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi is very serious and has become a "new growth point" of soil and water loss in this area. The main research contents and achievements are as follows: 1. This paper analyzes the development history of the rural settlements in the Loess Plateau, which is characterized by caves, and stages the development history of cave settlements for the first time. It is pointed out that the rural settlements on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi have a long history of development and have a long history. During the Yangshao culture period 5,000 years ago, caves had already appeared. Fan Xuexiang, Dingbian County. The site of the cover of the tombs on the northeast hillside of Bailangcha Tomb is the earliest loess cave site ever discovered on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi. But the earliest records of yellow earth caves were recorded in the Western Zhou Dynasty, more than 3000 years ago. The development history of cave settlement can be divided into four periods: sporadic cave period, mature technology period, stable settlement period, settlement expansion and migration period. Based on field investigation, the types, spatial distribution and land use characteristics of rural settlements were quantitatively analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：K928.5;S157.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李伯華;曾菊新;胡娟;;鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境研究進(jìn)展與展望[J];地理與地理信息科學(xué);2008年05期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 王乃新;村莊公共中心規(guī)劃研究[D];蘇州科技學(xué)院;2011年

2 董國倉;三峽庫區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量研究[D];重慶師范大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號：2056072