地球與環(huán)境科學(xué)信息網(wǎng)
發(fā)布時間：2016-09-26 16:31
本文關(guān)鍵詞：西方主義與實證主義幻象:近三十年來中國人文地理學(xué)理論研究透視，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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1李澤厚認為1980年代之后,中國進入“思想家淡出,學(xué)問家凸顯”的階段,目前仍在這個階段;而朱學(xué)勤也認為,八十年代是思想重于學(xué)術(shù),九十年代則可能是學(xué)術(shù)重于思想。對此的批判則來自于鄧曉芒,他認為前述論調(diào)是“自以為很有思想的學(xué)界中人走投無路時的自我欺瞞的說法”,“學(xué)理的淺薄限制了思想的深化”,“深刻的思想和學(xué)問是不分家的”等等。而中庸的觀點則認為,早期的研究更有原創(chuàng)性與思想性,因為原本是一片空白,不規(guī)范讓創(chuàng)造難度較低;后來的研究則沒有了那么大的空白可填充,研究也日益規(guī)范化,需要在與前面的思想對話的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)新,創(chuàng)新也就越來越難了[35-37]。
2齊曼認為運轉(zhuǎn)中的科學(xué),就是研究(research))。而科學(xué)的實際運用,則是技術(shù)(technology)。
3這里的“后設(shè)性”的概念來自利奧塔爾,意思是通過后來的關(guān)于對象發(fā)展的正面結(jié)果,來賦予當(dāng)初影響對象發(fā)展的因素以合法性[26]。
4部分信息來自與2014年3月10日黎斌對英國伯明翰大學(xué)地理學(xué)院Lauren Andres講師的訪談。
5吳良鏞先生在武廷海等所著《空間共享:新馬克思主義與中國城鎮(zhèn)化》(商務(wù)印書館,2014)的序言中指出,類似城鎮(zhèn)化這樣的復(fù)雜問題,應(yīng)采取“復(fù)雜問題有限求解”的方法,以現(xiàn)實問題為導(dǎo)向,化錯綜復(fù)雜問題為有限關(guān)鍵問題,尋找在相關(guān)系統(tǒng)的有限層次中求解的途徑。據(jù)介紹,此一方法已經(jīng)發(fā)展為清華大學(xué)城市規(guī)劃專業(yè)工作的核心方法。
本文關(guān)鍵詞：西方主義與實證主義幻象:近三十年來中國人文地理學(xué)理論研究透視，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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