【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代中期，隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和勞動力需求的增多，進(jìn)城務(wù)工的農(nóng)村流動人口越來越多，形成了往返于農(nóng)村和城市之間的流動大軍，即流動人口的特殊群體——“農(nóng)民工”。由于戶籍制度的限制，農(nóng)民工群體被稱為“雙重邊緣人”。他們的生育觀念和生育行為受到城市現(xiàn)代生活方式的猛烈沖擊，既出現(xiàn)了被現(xiàn)代城市生活同化的低生育觀念，又保持著原有的傳統(tǒng)生育觀念；在其生育意愿和生育行為上，既區(qū)別于農(nóng)村人口，也區(qū)別于城市居民。剖析農(nóng)民工群體的生育意愿及其影響因素，有利于考察遷移對生育觀念和生育行為變遷的影響，對未來人口發(fā)展和生育率變化趨勢作出準(zhǔn)確判斷，為調(diào)整社會政策提供科學(xué)依據(jù)；有助于考察和促進(jìn)農(nóng)民工群體生育觀念和生育行為的轉(zhuǎn)變，加快社會融合，促進(jìn)和諧社會建設(shè)進(jìn)程。 本研究以南水北調(diào)中線工程臨城工地青壯年農(nóng)民工群體的實(shí)地調(diào)研資料為依據(jù)，從意愿子女?dāng)?shù)、生育性別偏好、意愿初育年齡和生育目的等四個維度考察了農(nóng)民工生育意愿的特點(diǎn)，通過描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析檢驗(yàn)了社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等因素與生育意愿“三維性”之間的關(guān)系，運(yùn)用多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法系統(tǒng)剖析了農(nóng)民工群體生育意愿“三維性”不同影響因素的作用程度。 描述性分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，該農(nóng)民工群體的意愿子女?dāng)?shù)較低，大多數(shù)想要兩個孩子；大約半數(shù)的農(nóng)民工對生育性別持無所謂態(tài)度；在存在生育性別偏好思想的農(nóng)民工中，兒女雙全為多數(shù)農(nóng)民工的理想選擇；超過2/3的農(nóng)民工的意愿初育年齡在23-26歲之間，多數(shù)農(nóng)民工的意愿二孩生育間隔為4-6年；農(nóng)民工的生育目的呈多元化趨勢，情感需要排在第一位，養(yǎng)老第二位，超過1/4的農(nóng)民工選擇了這兩項(xiàng)生育目的。 本研究的主要結(jié)論如下：現(xiàn)有子女?dāng)?shù)是影響農(nóng)民工生育意愿三維性的重要因素，現(xiàn)有子女?dāng)?shù)（尤其是女孩數(shù)）決定意愿子女?dāng)?shù)、制約兒女雙全的性別偏好和意愿初育年齡；年齡是抑制農(nóng)民工生育意愿實(shí)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵因素，，尤其對意愿子女?dāng)?shù)和意愿初育年齡有較大影響；以傳宗接代和養(yǎng)老為主要內(nèi)容的傳統(tǒng)生育目的以及偏好男孩的生育觀念正逐步發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，但偏好男孩的愿望依然強(qiáng)烈。
[Abstract]:In the mid-1980s, with the development of China's market economy and the increase of labor demand, more and more rural migrant workers entered the city and formed a mobile army between the rural and urban areas. That is, the special group of floating population-"migrant workers". Due to the restriction of household registration system, migrant workers are called "double marginal people". Their conception of fertility and behavior of birth were strongly impacted by the modern urban life style, which not only appeared the idea of low fertility which was assimilated by modern urban life, but also maintained the original traditional conception of fertility. The fertility will and behavior are different from the rural population and the urban residents. It is helpful to investigate the influence of migration on the change of fertility concept and behavior, and to make accurate judgment on the trend of population development and fertility rate in the future by analyzing the fertility will and its influencing factors of migrant workers. To provide scientific basis for the adjustment of social policy; It is helpful to investigate and promote the transformation of fertility concept and behavior of migrant workers, accelerate the social integration and promote the construction of a harmonious society. This study is based on the field investigation data of the young and adult migrant workers in the construction site of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water transfer Project, based on the number of willing children, the sex preference of fertility, and so on. Through descriptive statistical analysis, this paper examines the relationship between social, economic and cultural factors and the "three-dimensional nature" of the will to have children, and examines the characteristics of peasant workers' desire to have children in four dimensions, such as the age of initial childbearing and the purpose of childbearing. By means of multivariate statistical analysis, this paper systematically analyzes the influence degree of different factors of "three-dimensional nature" of fertility desire of migrant workers. The results of descriptive analysis show that the number of willing children of the migrant workers group is low, most of them want to have two children, about half of the migrant workers are indifferent to the sex of childbearing. Among the migrant workers who have the idea of sex preference, their children are the ideal choice for most migrant workers, and the initial childbearing age of more than 2-3 migrant workers is between 23 and 26 years, and the interval between the second child and the second child is 4-6 years for most migrant workers. The purpose of fertility of migrant workers showed the trend of diversification, the emotional needs ranked first, the second to provide for the aged, and more than 1 to 4 migrant workers chose these two reproductive purposes. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the existing number of children is an important factor affecting the three-dimensional desire of migrant workers to have children, and the number of children (especially the number of girls) determines the number of willing children, which restricts the gender preference and willingness of the children to have children. Age is the key factor to restrain the realization of migrant workers' desire to have children, especially on the number of willing children and the willing age of initial childbearing. The traditional reproductive purpose and preference for boys are gradually changing, but the desire for boys is still strong.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C924.21

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