【摘要】：生育是人類繁衍生息的必要條件，生育導(dǎo)致人口形勢的不斷變化，我國人口形勢已經(jīng)進入低生育率時代。事實上，自從20世紀70年代計劃生育政策成為我國一項的基本國策以來，生育政策處于不斷的微調(diào)和完善之中。2013年國家推出單獨二胎政策，正是為了適應(yīng)我國人口結(jié)構(gòu)變化而做出的調(diào)整。 生育意愿與生育行為是生育的重要組成部分，國內(nèi)許多專家已經(jīng)證實由于諸多因素的影響，生育意愿與生育行為之間存在差異，同一種民族的生育意愿與生育行為在不同區(qū)域也可能存在差異。本文旨在探尋同一民族在不同的空間區(qū)域里，其生育意愿、生育行為是否存在差異，如果存在差異，差異的程度怎么樣，這種差異是由哪些因素導(dǎo)致及因素的影響程度如何。 本人走訪了怒江州福貢縣架科底鄉(xiāng)里吾底村和保山市騰沖縣瑞滇鎮(zhèn)水城村，通過問卷調(diào)差法收集第一手資料，，再運用統(tǒng)計分析軟件對調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析，結(jié)果表明兩地的生育意愿、生育行為存在一定的差異，主要體現(xiàn)在意愿生育數(shù)量和性別、實際生育數(shù)量與性別上。同時運用入戶進行深度訪談的方法，分析其生育意愿、生育行為存在區(qū)域差異的制度、經(jīng)濟、文化、區(qū)域開放程度及個人、家庭等因素。經(jīng)過比較差異和挖掘?qū)е虏町惖囊蛩氐贸隹傮w上兩地的意愿生育水平高于實際生育水平，計劃生育政策的調(diào)控作用有一定的有限性，政策的調(diào)控作用對一定區(qū)域（如里吾底村）更加明顯；傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響比較突出；生育意愿的轉(zhuǎn)變是一個階段性的過程；經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況的不同對兩村生育意愿與生育行為的影響程度和方式不一樣。 要實現(xiàn)各個區(qū)域人口與資源、環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)，生育意愿、生育行為更加合理是其協(xié)調(diào)的基礎(chǔ)，需使傳統(tǒng)生育觀向現(xiàn)代生育觀轉(zhuǎn)變，特定區(qū)域需生育意愿本質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)變，即將外在強制式的生育理念內(nèi)化為自身的生育價值觀。針對云南西部與西北部邊境地區(qū)，加強經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、區(qū)域的開放程度和文化教育等是提高當?shù)卣w水平的基本途徑。
[Abstract]:Fertility is a necessary condition for human reproduction. Fertility leads to continuous changes in population situation, and the population situation in China has entered the age of low fertility rate. In fact, since the family planning policy became a basic national policy in China in the 1970s, the fertility policy has been constantly being fine-tuned and perfected. It is in order to adapt to the changes in the demographic structure of our country to make adjustments. Fertility will and reproductive behavior are important parts of fertility. Many experts in China have confirmed that there are differences between fertility intentions and reproductive behaviors due to the influence of many factors. The fertility intention and behavior of the same ethnic group may also be different in different regions. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether there are differences in the fertility intentions and behaviors of the same people in different spatial regions, if there are differences, what are the degree of the differences, what factors lead to the differences and the degree of influence of the factors. I visited Liwu Di Village in Jiaokedi Township, Fugong County, Nujiang Prefecture, and Shuicheng Village in Ruidian Town, Tengchong County, Baoshan City. I collected first-hand information through the method of questionnaire adjustment, and then used statistical analysis software to carry out statistical analysis of the survey data. The results show that there are some differences in fertility intention and behavior between the two places, mainly in the number and sex of willing fertility, and in the actual number and sex of fertility. At the same time, using the method of in-depth interview, the author analyzes the factors such as fertility intention, system of regional difference in fertility behavior, economy, culture, regional openness, individual, family and so on. After comparing the differences and digging out the factors that lead to the differences, it is concluded that, on the whole, the level of willing fertility in both places is higher than the actual fertility level, and the regulatory role of the family planning policy is limited to a certain extent. The regulatory role of the policy is more obvious in certain areas (such as Liwudi Village); The influence of traditional idea is more prominent; the change of fertility intention is a stage process; the different economic development condition has different influence degree and way on fertility intention and behavior in two villages. In order to realize the coordination of population and resources, environment, fertility will and fertility behavior in different regions, it is necessary to change the traditional conception of fertility to the modern view of fertility, and to change the essence of fertility will in a specific region. Outside the concept of forced fertility internalized into their own fertility values. In view of the border area between the west and northwest of Yunnan, strengthening the economic development, the opening degree of the region and the culture and education are the basic ways to improve the whole level of the area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：C924.2

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