【摘要】：由于自然、歷史、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策等各方面因素的限制和影響，人口時(shí)空分布有著多樣性、復(fù)雜性以及綜合性，是與多種社會(huì)關(guān)系相聯(lián)系的社會(huì)實(shí)體。人口問(wèn)題歷來(lái)就是人文地理學(xué)研究的重點(diǎn)，也是當(dāng)今世界發(fā)展的重要問(wèn)題。20多年來(lái)，陜西省社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)伴隨著西部大開(kāi)發(fā)等國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略性措施發(fā)生了巨大的變化，人口作為社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的必然基礎(chǔ)也發(fā)生了明顯變化。研究陜西省的人口時(shí)空分布現(xiàn)狀特征及其演化規(guī)律，分析其影響因素及適度性對(duì)于全面掌握陜西省的人口時(shí)空分布格局及其變化特征具有重要意義，進(jìn)而為制定合理的區(qū)域人口政策，實(shí)現(xiàn)陜西省人口的合理再分布提供可靠的依據(jù)，為最終實(shí)現(xiàn)陜西省人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源、環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。文章采用空間自相關(guān)、人口結(jié)構(gòu)指數(shù)、人口重心、以及偏移分享分析等研究方法，以陜西省97個(gè)縣市級(jí)行政區(qū)為研究單元、1990-2010年為研究區(qū)間，選取人口數(shù)及人口密度為研究對(duì)象，，運(yùn)用ArcGIS、GeoDa等軟件對(duì)陜西省人口空時(shí)空分布特征及其適度性進(jìn)行了描述，并得到以下結(jié)論：①陜西省人口數(shù)量與人口密度空間分布存在中間高南北低的格局特征，這是基于三大區(qū)域不同的自然條件和經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)；陜西省的人口密度空間分布呈現(xiàn)出正的空間相關(guān)性，人口的集聚性較強(qiáng)，以西安市為中心的關(guān)中核心區(qū)域形成了人口密度的高密度集聚區(qū)，陜北、陜南由于人口基數(shù)小，形成了人口密度的低低集聚區(qū)，而關(guān)中與陜北、陜南兩大區(qū)域的過(guò)渡地帶形成了縣級(jí)行政單元人口密度的高低、低高集聚區(qū)。隨著時(shí)間推移集聚性趨勢(shì)略有減弱。陜西省人口空間分布的不均衡性比較顯著，趨勢(shì)有所上升。②1990年以來(lái)，陜西省人口重心向東北方向移動(dòng)，移動(dòng)速度有所加快，這與近年來(lái)陜北經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)所帶動(dòng)的勞動(dòng)力增長(zhǎng)有關(guān)。陜北、關(guān)中、陜南三大區(qū)域之間人口的偏移增長(zhǎng)和三大區(qū)內(nèi)部的偏移增長(zhǎng)均處于上升趨勢(shì)，三大區(qū)之間的偏移增長(zhǎng)具有明顯的差異性。③陜西省人口空間分布較為合理，但大部分縣市人口潛力較小。人口潛力較大的縣市主要分布于西南部的秦巴山地的山間盆地，關(guān)中、陜南大部分縣市人口潛力指數(shù)適中，而人口潛力較小縣市主要分布于陜北地區(qū)。未來(lái)，如何減小人口壓力，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)-人口和諧發(fā)展以及對(duì)環(huán)境的保護(hù)成為陜西省將面臨的重要課題。
[Abstract]:Because of the limitation and influence of natural, historical, social, economic and policy factors, the space-time distribution of population is diverse, complex and comprehensive, and it is a social entity connected with various social relations. Population has always been the focus of the study of human geography and an important issue in the development of the world today. In the past 20 years or so, the social economy of Shaanxi Province has undergone tremendous changes along with the strategic measures of countries such as the development of the western region. Population as the inevitable basis for the development of social productive forces has also undergone obvious changes. It is of great significance to study the present situation and evolution law of population space-time distribution in Shaanxi Province, and to analyze its influencing factors and appropriateness, which is of great significance for the comprehensive understanding of the population space-time distribution pattern and its changing characteristics in Shaanxi Province. It provides a reliable basis for making reasonable regional population policy and realizing rational redistribution of population in Shaanxi Province, and lays a foundation for the sustainable development of population, economy, resources and environment in Shaanxi Province. In this paper, spatial autocorrelation, population structure index, population center of gravity and offset sharing analysis were used to study 97 counties and municipalities in Shaanxi Province, and from 1990 to 2010. Taking population size and population density as the research object, this paper describes the spatial and temporal distribution of population and its appropriateness in Shaanxi Province by using ArcGIS,GeoDa and other software. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution of population quantity and population density in Shaanxi Province has the pattern characteristics of middle high, north, south and low, which is based on the different natural conditions and economic base of the three major regions; The spatial distribution of population density in Shaanxi Province shows positive spatial correlation, and the population concentration is relatively strong. The core region of Guanzhong with Xi'an as the center has formed a high-density concentration area of population density. The population base of northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi is small. The transition zone of Guanzhong, Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi formed the low and high population density of county administrative unit. With the passage of time, the trend of agglomeration slightly weakened. Since 1990, the population center of gravity in Shaanxi Province has moved to the northeast, and the speed of movement has accelerated. This is related to the growth of labor force driven by the rapid economic growth in northern Shaanxi in recent years. The migration growth of population between the three regions of northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi is on an upward trend, and the migration growth among the three regions is obviously different. 3 the spatial distribution of population in Shaanxi Province is reasonable. But the population potential of most counties and cities is small. The counties and cities with large population potential are mainly distributed in the mountain basin of Qinba Mountains in the southwest. In Guanzhong, most counties and cities in southern Shaanxi have moderate population potential index, while the counties and cities with smaller population potential are mainly distributed in northern Shaanxi. In the future, how to reduce population pressure, promote the harmonious development of economy and population and protect the environment will become an important subject in Shaanxi Province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：C922

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