發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-03 15:41

【摘要】：蘇聯(lián)解體后，急劇的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型與社會(huì)變革導(dǎo)致一系列人口危機(jī)。俄羅斯人口持續(xù)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)，直到2012年底才實(shí)現(xiàn)小幅增長(zhǎng)，2013年人口出生率才開(kāi)始高于死亡率，首次實(shí)現(xiàn)人口自然正增長(zhǎng)。由于兩次世界大戰(zhàn)期間大批蘇聯(lián)男性在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上犧牲，加之蘇聯(lián)解體后經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)低迷、生存壓力巨大等原因，俄羅斯男性人口始終明顯低于女性人口，性別比例嚴(yán)重失衡。早在2002年，俄羅斯60歲以上老齡人口所占比例就已經(jīng)達(dá)到18.46%，早已經(jīng)步入老齡化社會(huì)，且老齡人口所占比例逐年上升，人口老齡化問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)程度與自然條件差異巨大等原因，俄羅斯人口的區(qū)域分布嚴(yán)重不均，失業(yè)問(wèn)題也非常嚴(yán)重。 本文跟蹤2000年以來(lái)俄羅斯人口變動(dòng)的數(shù)據(jù)，就上述問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，并從歷史根源、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、生活習(xí)俗與自然條件等多個(gè)角度分析了俄羅斯人口危機(jī)產(chǎn)生的根源。就俄羅斯聯(lián)邦政府針對(duì)人口危機(jī)啟動(dòng)實(shí)施的政策措施進(jìn)行了梳理并對(duì)實(shí)施成效進(jìn)行了概要總結(jié)。從中俄兩國(guó)戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系及睦鄰友好鄰邦的角度，得出如下結(jié)論：首先，俄羅斯仍然面臨人口增長(zhǎng)乏力、地域分布、性別比例和年齡結(jié)構(gòu)失衡的危機(jī)。其次，中俄兩國(guó)分別針對(duì)東北地區(qū)和遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的振興與發(fā)展啟動(dòng)了國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略，兩國(guó)在這一問(wèn)題上具有廣闊合作空間。
[Abstract]:After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the rapid economic transformation and social change led to a series of population crises. Russia's population continued to grow negatively until the end of 2012, when the birth rate began to rise above the death rate until the end of 2012, the first natural positive increase in the population. Because a large number of Soviet men died on the battlefield during the two world wars, combined with the economic downturn after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the survival pressure and other reasons, the Russian male population has always been significantly lower than the female population, the gender ratio is seriously unbalanced. As early as 2002, the proportion of aged population over 60 years old in Russia has reached 18.46%, and the proportion of aged population has been increasing year by year. The problem of aging population is becoming more and more serious. Because of the great difference between economic development and natural conditions, the regional distribution of Russian population is seriously uneven and the unemployment problem is very serious. This paper tracks the data of Russian population change since 2000, analyzes the above problems in detail, and analyzes the root causes of Russian population crisis from historical root, economic factors, living customs and natural conditions. This paper reviews the policy measures initiated by the Russian government in response to the population crisis and summarizes the effectiveness of the implementation. From the angle of Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partnership and good-neighborly and friendly neighbors, the following conclusions are drawn: first, Russia still faces the crisis of weak population growth, geographical distribution, gender ratio and age structure imbalance. Secondly, China and Russia have launched a national strategy for the revitalization and development of the Northeast region and the far East region respectively, and the two countries have broad scope for cooperation on this issue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：C924.1

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