人口紅利變化對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)影響研究
[Abstract]:The miracle of East Asian growth since 1965 has led to a great discussion of the role of demographic dividend. Since then, the relationship between population structure and economic growth has been paid more and more attention. In theory, the period of demographic dividend means that the proportion of the working-age population in the total population is large, which can provide sufficient labor supply to delay the decline of capital returns, and the lower social dependency ratio can increase the savings rate. Then it is advantageous to the formation of capital; From a practical point of view, China's rapid growth over the past 30 years has indeed been accompanied by an increasing proportion of the working-age population. If China's rapid growth is brought about by the demographic dividend, The gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend means that China's past growth model faces an important bottleneck. The question to be answered in this paper is, in the course of the transformation of "population debt-demographic dividend-population liability", how does this dynamic change of demographic dividend affect economic growth? How has China's demographic dividend changed? How does this change affect China's economic growth? In the context of demographic dividend changes, how should China complete the transformation of its growth model? This paper attempts to integrate the impact of demographic dividend changes on economic growth into a framework of growth accounting, to explain the impact of demographic dividend changes on economic growth, and to provide a theoretical basis for the transformation of China's growth model in the post-dividend era. At the same time, the paper measures the demographic dividend changes in China in the past three decades, and studies the demographic dividend changes in China and its impact on economic growth through empirical analysis, which provides a realistic basis for the strategic transformation of China's post-dividend era. The argument of this paper is divided into four levels: firstly, based on the theory of population transformation, the paper demonstrates the law of inverted U-shaped change of population dividend with the degree of economic development, and takes the adjusted Solow Swan model as the research framework. From a dynamic point of view, respectively, the impact of demographic dividend changes on various factors of production, technology and efficiency is discussed. It is believed that labor supply, capital formation, The efficiency of labor allocation and the accumulation of human capital are the main influencing mechanisms of the change of population age structure on the economy. Secondly, the dependency ratio index and the decomposition of the growth rate are adopted to evaluate the demographic dividend changes in China, and it is concluded that this means that China began to move from the population debt period to the demographic dividend period from the mid-1980s to the middle of the last century. And continued to expand in the following period, but the harvest degree and structure of the population dividend in the provinces and districts are different; Through further empirical analysis, this paper proves the impact of demographic dividend changes on economic growth, and considers that in the past demographic dividend changes, the dependency ratio coefficient decreases by every 1 percentage point. It will make a relative contribution rate of 12.73% to the economic growth; Finally, based on the conclusion of the paper, this paper puts forward the transformation of China's economic growth model in the post-dividend era, that is, from the external growth with high investment and high savings to the endogenous growth with technological progress and efficiency improvement. The transformation from quantitative growth of labor elements to qualitative growth of labor elements, from extensive development of resources to efficient and economical growth of resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:C92-05;F124
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