新中國少數(shù)民族人口政策發(fā)展研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-04 19:15
【摘要】：我國是一個統(tǒng)一的多民族國家，除漢族外，還有55個少數(shù)民族。中華人民共和國成立以來，少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展得到了國家以及各級政府的高度重視，民族地區(qū)的和諧發(fā)展是整個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步的重要組成部分。新中國建立后，，特別是改革開放后，我國少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展取得了令人矚目的成就，不僅社會經(jīng)濟得到迅速發(fā)展，而且民族地區(qū)的人均生活水平也得到了明顯提高。但少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的人口問題卻伴隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展日益凸顯，正成為嚴(yán)重制約民族地區(qū)發(fā)展和進(jìn)步的主要因素之一，并直接影響到區(qū)域乃至全國全面建設(shè)小康和構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的進(jìn)程。因此，全面、深入地研究少數(shù)民族的人口政策，探討解決民族地區(qū)的人口問題，為民族地區(qū)的和諧發(fā)展提供良好的人口環(huán)境，已經(jīng)成為目前促進(jìn)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的重大現(xiàn)實問題。本論文主要從以下幾個方面對新中國少數(shù)民族人口政策的發(fā)展進(jìn)行研究。 第一部分，對新中國少數(shù)民族人口政策的理論基礎(chǔ)與現(xiàn)實依據(jù)進(jìn)行介紹，并運用我國歷次人口普查數(shù)據(jù)資料對我國少數(shù)民族人口發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進(jìn)行分析，得出：（1）我國少數(shù)民族人口過快增長的勢頭得到有效控制；（2）少數(shù)民族人口素質(zhì)有了顯著提高，但整體水平還比較低；（3）少數(shù)民族人口結(jié)構(gòu)問題日漸凸顯：年齡結(jié)構(gòu)方面，老齡化問題開始出現(xiàn)，并且少年兒童撫養(yǎng)比較高；性別結(jié)構(gòu)方面，絕大多數(shù)少數(shù)民族地區(qū)總?cè)丝谛詣e比都比同期全國平均水平高，各地應(yīng)高度重視；就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)方面，第一產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)數(shù)量優(yōu)勢明顯，第二產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)人口數(shù)量最少，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)不足，屬于“啞鈴型”產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)；（4）少數(shù)民族人口與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的矛盾突出；（5）少數(shù)民族宗教習(xí)俗對其人口發(fā)展的影響不可忽視。 第二部分，對新中國少數(shù)民族人口政策的發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行梳理，并把新中國少數(shù)民族人口政策的發(fā)展分成三個時期：一是積極推行人口興旺政策時期，二是醞釀開展計劃生育政策時期，三是正式實施計劃生育政策時期。 第三部分，對新中國少數(shù)民族人口政策的成就、特點、經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)，為進(jìn)一步研究少數(shù)民族人口政策提供參考。 第四部分，從少數(shù)民族人口政策主體與客體的角度，對新中國少數(shù)民族人口政策制定與執(zhí)行中存在的困難進(jìn)行研究，認(rèn)為我國少數(shù)民族人口政策在制定方面存在的主要問題有：政策目標(biāo)不明確，決策民主化程度欠缺，獎勵扶助政策不完善等；在政策執(zhí)行方面存在的主要問題有：執(zhí)行理念存在偏差，綜合治理機制不健全，基層基礎(chǔ)工作比較薄弱等。 第五部分，針對新中國少數(shù)民族人口政策制定與執(zhí)行中存在的問題，提出進(jìn)一步完善我國少數(shù)民族人口政策的建議。 最后，對論文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，指出論文研究取得的成果與存在的問題。
[Abstract]:China is a unified multi-ethnic country, in addition to the Han nationality, there are 55 ethnic minorities. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the social and economic development of ethnic minority areas has been highly valued by the state and governments at all levels. The harmonious development of minority areas is an important part of the economic development and social progress of the whole country. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, the social and economic development of minority areas in China has made remarkable achievements. Not only the social economy has been developed rapidly, but also the average living standard of the ethnic areas has been obviously improved. However, the population problem in ethnic minority areas is becoming increasingly prominent with the development of social economy, which is becoming one of the main factors restricting the development and progress of ethnic minority areas. It directly affects the process of building a well-off society and building a harmonious socialist society in an all-round way in the region and even in the whole country. Therefore, we should comprehensively and deeply study the population policies of ethnic minorities, explore and solve the population problems in minority areas, and provide a good population environment for the harmonious development of ethnic areas. At present, it has become an important practical problem to promote the economic and social development in ethnic areas. This paper mainly studies the development of the population policy of the ethnic minorities in New China from the following aspects. The first part introduces the theoretical and practical basis of the population policy of ethnic minorities in New China, and analyzes the development of the ethnic minority population in China by using the data of the past censuses. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the tendency of rapid growth of ethnic population in China has been effectively controlled; (2) the quality of ethnic population has been significantly improved, but the overall level is still relatively low; (3) the problem of ethnic population structure is becoming increasingly prominent: the age structure, The problem of ageing is beginning to emerge, and the raising of children and adolescents is relatively high; in terms of gender structure, the sex ratio of the total population in the vast majority of ethnic minority areas is higher than the national average for the same period, and all localities should attach great importance to it. In terms of employment structure, The primary industry has obvious advantage in employment, the second industry has the least number of employed population, and the tertiary industry is underemployed, which belongs to the "dumbbell-shaped" industrial structure; (4) the contradiction between the population of ethnic minorities and economic development and the ecological environment is prominent. (5) the influence of religious customs of ethnic minorities on their population development should not be ignored. In the second part, the author combs the development course of the new Chinese minority population policy, and divides the development of the new Chinese minority population policy into three periods: first, actively promoting the population prosperity policy period, The second is the development of family planning policy period, the third is the formal implementation of family planning policy period. The third part summarizes the achievements, characteristics and experiences of the ethnic minority population policy in New China, and provides a reference for further research on the minority population policy. The fourth part, from the point of view of the subject and object of minority population policy, studies the difficulties existing in the formulation and implementation of the new Chinese minority population policy. The main problems in the formulation of ethnic population policy in China are as follows: the policy objectives are not clear, the degree of democratization of decision-making is not enough, the policy of reward and support is not perfect, and so on; The main problems in policy implementation are: deviation of executive concept, imperfect comprehensive management mechanism, weak basic work and so on. The fifth part, in view of the new China minority population policy formulation and the implementation question, proposed the further consummation our country minority population policy proposal. Finally, the thesis is summarized, and the achievements and problems are pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C924.21
本文編號：2251547
[Abstract]:China is a unified multi-ethnic country, in addition to the Han nationality, there are 55 ethnic minorities. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the social and economic development of ethnic minority areas has been highly valued by the state and governments at all levels. The harmonious development of minority areas is an important part of the economic development and social progress of the whole country. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, the social and economic development of minority areas in China has made remarkable achievements. Not only the social economy has been developed rapidly, but also the average living standard of the ethnic areas has been obviously improved. However, the population problem in ethnic minority areas is becoming increasingly prominent with the development of social economy, which is becoming one of the main factors restricting the development and progress of ethnic minority areas. It directly affects the process of building a well-off society and building a harmonious socialist society in an all-round way in the region and even in the whole country. Therefore, we should comprehensively and deeply study the population policies of ethnic minorities, explore and solve the population problems in minority areas, and provide a good population environment for the harmonious development of ethnic areas. At present, it has become an important practical problem to promote the economic and social development in ethnic areas. This paper mainly studies the development of the population policy of the ethnic minorities in New China from the following aspects. The first part introduces the theoretical and practical basis of the population policy of ethnic minorities in New China, and analyzes the development of the ethnic minority population in China by using the data of the past censuses. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the tendency of rapid growth of ethnic population in China has been effectively controlled; (2) the quality of ethnic population has been significantly improved, but the overall level is still relatively low; (3) the problem of ethnic population structure is becoming increasingly prominent: the age structure, The problem of ageing is beginning to emerge, and the raising of children and adolescents is relatively high; in terms of gender structure, the sex ratio of the total population in the vast majority of ethnic minority areas is higher than the national average for the same period, and all localities should attach great importance to it. In terms of employment structure, The primary industry has obvious advantage in employment, the second industry has the least number of employed population, and the tertiary industry is underemployed, which belongs to the "dumbbell-shaped" industrial structure; (4) the contradiction between the population of ethnic minorities and economic development and the ecological environment is prominent. (5) the influence of religious customs of ethnic minorities on their population development should not be ignored. In the second part, the author combs the development course of the new Chinese minority population policy, and divides the development of the new Chinese minority population policy into three periods: first, actively promoting the population prosperity policy period, The second is the development of family planning policy period, the third is the formal implementation of family planning policy period. The third part summarizes the achievements, characteristics and experiences of the ethnic minority population policy in New China, and provides a reference for further research on the minority population policy. The fourth part, from the point of view of the subject and object of minority population policy, studies the difficulties existing in the formulation and implementation of the new Chinese minority population policy. The main problems in the formulation of ethnic population policy in China are as follows: the policy objectives are not clear, the degree of democratization of decision-making is not enough, the policy of reward and support is not perfect, and so on; The main problems in policy implementation are: deviation of executive concept, imperfect comprehensive management mechanism, weak basic work and so on. The fifth part, in view of the new China minority population policy formulation and the implementation question, proposed the further consummation our country minority population policy proposal. Finally, the thesis is summarized, and the achievements and problems are pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C924.21
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 楊燦;試論云南省少數(shù)民族地區(qū)人口政策的制度創(chuàng)新[D];中央民族大學(xué);2008年
本文編號：2251547
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