【摘要】：當(dāng)代中國(guó)性別和諧是社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的題中要義。本文立足于當(dāng)代中國(guó)實(shí)際,圍繞“性別和諧”的主題從以下幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)研究： 論文由導(dǎo)論、正文、結(jié)語(yǔ)三個(gè)部分組成。其中正文分為五章。 導(dǎo)論部分首先對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)性別和諧及相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了針對(duì)性的界定,提出了當(dāng)代中國(guó)性別和諧是指在社會(huì)主義制度條件下的性別間的相互依存、相互尊重、相互合作、優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)、共同發(fā)展的新型性別關(guān)系,是一種理想的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的性別相處的形式,這種形式是迄今為止最科學(xué)、最進(jìn)步的性別和諧形式。在整理和分析國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究中國(guó)性別和諧成果的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了本文的研究思路、研究方法及研究意義。 第一章進(jìn)行了性別和諧的理論溯源。圍繞馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家的性別和諧思想、中外傳統(tǒng)文化中的性別和諧思想以及西方女性主義的“同異”思維等方面展開(kāi)研究。在這一章的第一部分對(duì)馬克思《1844經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)哲學(xué)手稿》進(jìn)行了“人學(xué)”、“勞動(dòng)”、“歷史”三個(gè)維度的解讀,揭示出性別和諧的質(zhì)的規(guī)定,即性別和諧是建立在人之為人的基礎(chǔ)上,是人的感覺(jué)的發(fā)展,是建立在由勞動(dòng)所誕生的人類(lèi)歷史和自然歷史基礎(chǔ)上的,實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)性的性別和諧必須建立在共產(chǎn)主義的歷史運(yùn)動(dòng)之中,也只有在共產(chǎn)主義的歷史運(yùn)動(dòng)所創(chuàng)造的時(shí)代條件下才能逐步變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。其次從“生產(chǎn)”、“階級(jí)”、“愛(ài)情”、“歷史”四個(gè)視野對(duì)恩格斯的《家庭、私有制和國(guó)家的起源》進(jìn)行解讀。它使我們認(rèn)識(shí)到私有制是隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)而產(chǎn)生的,私有制的產(chǎn)生是“兩性沖突”的開(kāi)始,階級(jí)對(duì)立是“兩性沖突”的深刻根源,在階級(jí)社會(huì)里存在的是“形式和諧”,要實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的性別和諧需要兩個(gè)“物質(zhì)”條件：一是性別平等,二是消滅私有制。同時(shí)還對(duì)列寧、斯大林將馬克思、恩格斯的性別和諧思想與俄國(guó)的社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)實(shí)踐相結(jié)合,提出社會(huì)主義制度是實(shí)現(xiàn)性別和諧的前提條件、倡導(dǎo)兩性從法律上的平等走向事實(shí)上的平等、強(qiáng)調(diào)性別和諧的實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)社會(huì)主義民主的促進(jìn)作用等理論。中國(guó)化馬克思主義者在革命和建設(shè)中繼承和發(fā)展了馬列主義的性別和諧思想,主要提出了反對(duì)不平等、不和諧的封建婚姻制度、分析了中國(guó)婦女受壓迫的根源是“四權(quán)”、指明了階級(jí)解放和社會(huì)發(fā)展是實(shí)現(xiàn)性別和諧的基本途徑、肯定了女性在中國(guó)革命和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中的“半邊天”的作用,把男女平等提到基本國(guó)策的高度等思想。第二部分探析了中國(guó)和西方傳統(tǒng)文化中的性別和諧閃點(diǎn),主要是從中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中“陰陽(yáng)和合”思想中來(lái)追尋性別和諧的淵源,同時(shí)也從古希臘、文藝復(fù)興到思想啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)中尋求性別和諧的理論支撐。第三部分在梳理女性主義的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,認(rèn)識(shí)到女性主義在追求女性主體的解放和獨(dú)立中,反對(duì)社會(huì)固有的偏見(jiàn)與歧視中,釋放了許多當(dāng)代社會(huì)所提倡的性別和諧的理念,如“差異而又平等的公民觀、強(qiáng)調(diào)統(tǒng)一性而又凸現(xiàn)個(gè)體存在的生態(tài)觀”等理念。這些理論是本文的理論基礎(chǔ)和淵源。 第二章對(duì)中國(guó)性別和諧的形成和發(fā)展進(jìn)行了歷史考察,提出了中國(guó)性別和諧發(fā)展的三個(gè)階段是男女相互依存階段、男女相互覺(jué)醒階段以及男女相互解放階段。綜觀人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展歷程,由于生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平、婚姻制度、人類(lèi)認(rèn)知水平等各種因素的影響,不同歷史時(shí)期男人和女人之間的關(guān)系是不一樣的,從狩獵社會(huì)的男女自然平等到農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)的男女地位失衡,再到工業(yè)社會(huì)的男女平等。隨著信息社會(huì)的到來(lái),男人和女人無(wú)論是在學(xué)習(xí)工作還是在家庭生活中都將求同存異、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。而且,不論哪個(gè)時(shí)期,男人和女人都能和諧相處。但是,這種和諧只是形式上的和諧,并不是質(zhì)的和諧,不是真正意義上的和諧。中國(guó)社會(huì)性別關(guān)系的發(fā)展與世界其他國(guó)家相比,有其共性,但更有中國(guó)特色。認(rèn)識(shí)和把握其發(fā)展歷程有助于我們對(duì)當(dāng)前中國(guó)性別和諧的基本概況和發(fā)展走勢(shì)有個(gè)正確的認(rèn)識(shí),中國(guó)社會(huì)主義性別和諧應(yīng)是整體和諧,不是局部和諧,不是部分人的事,而應(yīng)是全體社會(huì)成員的責(zé)任,社會(huì)主義性別和諧是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期而又艱巨的任務(wù) 第三章從當(dāng)代中國(guó)性別和諧的現(xiàn)實(shí)背景與必然的視角探討了當(dāng)代中國(guó)性別和諧的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)。聯(lián)合國(guó)從成立起就堅(jiān)持不懈的促進(jìn)性別和諧,主要體現(xiàn)在一是成立婦女發(fā)展組織；二是召開(kāi)世界婦女大會(huì)；三是制定一系列關(guān)于婦女問(wèn)題和性別平等的國(guó)際公約。各國(guó)政府致力性別和諧的發(fā)展,積極采取各種措施和政策,矯正性別偏見(jiàn),保障性別平等,促進(jìn)性別和諧。中國(guó)政府高度重視性別和諧建設(shè)。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨始終把實(shí)現(xiàn)性別和諧作為孜孜以求的奮斗目標(biāo),積極支持女性廣泛參與國(guó)家和社會(huì)政治事務(wù),致力于將性別和諧建設(shè)納入整個(gè)社會(huì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的主流,使女性的經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利、政治權(quán)利、受教育權(quán)利、婚姻家庭權(quán)益進(jìn)一步得到保證。信息新技術(shù)為促進(jìn)性別和諧提供了新的機(jī)遇,首先,信息新技術(shù)推進(jìn)性別民主和平等的進(jìn)程。其次,信息新技術(shù)為女性發(fā)展帶來(lái)了許多新的機(jī)遇。再次,信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了性別雙方的自我發(fā)展。最后,信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了性別雙方的相互交流、合作。當(dāng)男女雙雙獲得空前發(fā)展機(jī)遇時(shí),也面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中性別歧視、政治領(lǐng)域中女性難以進(jìn)入政治主流、社會(huì)領(lǐng)域中人口出生性別比嚴(yán)重失調(diào)等許多新的問(wèn)題、新的情況的挑戰(zhàn)。性別和諧是構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的必然要求,民主法治要求性別和諧,公平正義要求性別和諧,誠(chéng)信友愛(ài)要求性別和諧,充滿活力要求性別和諧,安定有序要求性別和諧,人與自然和諧相處要求性別和諧。 第四章是關(guān)于當(dāng)代中國(guó)性別和諧的困惑與認(rèn)識(shí)。當(dāng)今時(shí)代,我國(guó)正處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,人們的思想比較活躍,對(duì)各種問(wèn)題、利益、矛盾和訴求的認(rèn)識(shí)和看法比較豐富。在對(duì)待性別和諧的問(wèn)題方面,更是如此。文章對(duì)人們?cè)谛詣e平等、性別分工、性別角色等方面存在的困惑進(jìn)行了解析,關(guān)于歷史存在的性別和諧的誤區(qū),我們不僅要走出去還要力求不要再次陷入其中,使性別關(guān)系真正朝著和諧的狀態(tài)發(fā)展。因此我們必須反思性別和諧中所包括的諸多概念,讓一直作為性別關(guān)系和諧發(fā)展的如男女平等、婦女解放、婦女“半邊天”等這樣的原則理念更富有時(shí)代性,更具科學(xué)性,從而在實(shí)踐上指導(dǎo)社會(huì)主義性別和諧的建設(shè)。 第五章對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)性別和諧建設(shè)展開(kāi)了理論和實(shí)踐的思考。當(dāng)代中國(guó)性別和諧必須建立在對(duì)性別科學(xué)認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)之上,必須突出人的社會(huì)性,必須體現(xiàn)男女安定有序,必須以實(shí)現(xiàn)人類(lèi)自由自覺(jué)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)為根本目的。當(dāng)前,由于諸種因素的影響,性別歧視在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化和社會(huì)生活領(lǐng)域均不同程度的存在,男女不平等的現(xiàn)象依然比較突出,嚴(yán)重影響男女共同協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。我們必須從社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的實(shí)際出發(fā),樹(shù)立科學(xué)性別觀,營(yíng)造良好的性別環(huán)境,將社會(huì)性別主流化,保障性別平等。并且,盡最大努力堅(jiān)持公平正義,促進(jìn)性別公正,實(shí)現(xiàn)性別和諧。 性別和諧是人類(lèi)永恒的話題,也是人類(lèi)不斷追求的目標(biāo)。在文章結(jié)束時(shí)對(duì)未來(lái)性別和諧進(jìn)行了展望,未來(lái)男女兩性關(guān)系如車(chē)之兩輪、鳥(niǎo)之兩翼,共同推動(dòng)人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Gender harmony in contemporary China is the main theme of a harmonious socialist society. Based on the reality of contemporary China, this paper focuses on the theme of "gender harmony" from the following aspects:
The thesis consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is divided into five chapters.
The first part of the introduction defines the contemporary China's gender harmony and related concepts, and puts forward that contemporary China's gender harmony refers to a new type of gender relationship under the conditions of socialist system, which is interdependent, mutual respect, mutual cooperation, complementary advantages and common development. It is an ideal sustainable development. This form is the most scientific and progressive form of gender harmony so far. On the basis of sorting out and analyzing the achievements of domestic and foreign scholars on gender harmony in China, this paper puts forward the research ideas, research methods and research significance of this paper.
The first chapter traces the theory of gender harmony. It studies the thought of gender harmony of Marxist classical writers, the thought of gender harmony in Chinese and foreign traditional culture, and the thought of "similarities and differences" of Western feminism. The interpretation of the three dimensions of "labor" and "history" reveals the qualitative stipulation of gender harmony, that is, gender harmony is based on human being, the development of human feeling, the foundation of human history and natural history born of labor, and the realization of substantive gender harmony must be based on the Communist calendar. In the historical movement, it is only under the conditions created by the historical movement of communism that it can gradually become a reality. Secondly, from the four perspectives of "production", "class", "love" and "history", this paper interprets Engels'The Origin of Family, Private Ownership and the State. It makes us realize that private ownership comes with social production. The emergence of private ownership is the beginning of "gender conflict". Class antagonism is the deep root of "gender conflict". In class society there exists "formal harmony". To achieve genuine gender harmony, two "material" conditions are needed: one is gender equality, the other is to eliminate private ownership. Combining Marx and Engels'thought of gender harmony with Russia's socialist revolution and construction practice, this paper proposes that socialist system is the prerequisite for achieving gender harmony, advocates that both sexes move from legal equality to de facto equality, and emphasizes the promotion of socialist democracy by the realization of gender harmony. Marxists inherited and developed Marxist-Leninist thought of gender harmony in revolution and construction, mainly put forward the feudal marriage system against inequality and disharmony, analyzed the root of Chinese women's oppression is "four powers", pointed out that class liberation and social development are the basic ways to achieve gender harmony, and affirmed that women in The role of "half the sky" in the Chinese revolution and socialist construction raises equality between men and women to the height of the basic state policy. The second part explores the flash point of gender harmony in Chinese and Western traditional cultures, mainly from the "harmony between yin and yang" in Chinese traditional culture to trace the origin of gender harmony, but also from ancient Greece. La, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment Movement sought the theoretical support of gender harmony. In the third part, in the process of combing the development of feminism, it is recognized that feminism has released many ideas of gender harmony advocated by contemporary society in the pursuit of the liberation and independence of the female subject and in the opposition to social prejudice and discrimination. These theories are the theoretical basis and origin of this paper.
Chapter Two makes a historical investigation of the formation and development of gender harmony in China, and points out that the three stages of gender harmony in China are the stage of interdependence between men and women, the stage of mutual awakening between men and women, and the stage of mutual emancipation between men and women. The relationship between men and women in different historical periods is different, from the natural equality of men and women in hunting society to the imbalance of men and women in agricultural society to the equality of men and women in industrial society. However, this kind of harmony is only a formal harmony, not a qualitative harmony, not a real harmony. Compared with other countries in the world, the development of gender relations in China has its own common characteristics, but more Chinese characteristics. It is helpful for us to have a correct understanding of the basic situation and development trend of the current gender harmony in China. The socialist gender harmony in China should be the overall harmony, not the partial harmony, not the affairs of some people, but the responsibility of all members of society. The socialist gender harmony is a long-term and arduous task.
The third chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges of gender harmony in contemporary China from the realistic background and inevitable perspective. The Chinese government attaches great importance to the construction of gender harmony. The Communist Party of China has always regarded the realization of gender harmony as the goal of its diligent struggle and actively supported women. Widely participate in national and social political affairs, and strive to bring gender harmony into the mainstream of the whole social development strategy, so that women's economic rights, political rights, the right to education, marriage and family rights and interests are further guaranteed. Secondly, the development of information technology has brought about many new opportunities for women's development. Thirdly, the development of information technology has promoted the self-development of both sexes. Finally, the development of information technology has promoted the mutual exchange and cooperation between the two sexes. Gender harmony is the inevitable requirement of building a harmonious society, democracy and the rule of law require gender harmony, fairness and justice require gender harmony, honesty and friendship require gender harmony, full of life. Strength requires gender harmony, stability and order requires gender harmony, and harmony between man and nature requires gender harmony.
The fourth chapter is about the perplexity and understanding of gender harmony in contemporary China.At present, China is in a period of social transformation, people's thinking is more active, and their understanding and views on various issues, interests, contradictions and demands are more abundant.This is especially true in dealing with gender harmony. We should not only go out, but also try not to fall into it again, so as to make the gender relationship develop towards harmony. Therefore, we must reflect on many concepts included in gender harmony, so as to keep it as gender relations and relations. The harmonious development of such principles as equality between men and women, women's liberation, women's "half the sky" and so on is more epochal and scientific, thus guiding the construction of socialist gender harmony in practice.
Chapter Five is a theoretical and practical reflection on the construction of gender harmony in contemporary China.The contemporary China's gender harmony must be based on the scientific understanding of gender,must highlight the sociality of human beings,must reflect the stability and order of men and women,must realize the free and conscious development of human beings as the fundamental purpose.At present,due to various factors. The impact of gender discrimination in the economic, political, ideological and cultural and social life areas exist in varying degrees, the phenomenon of gender inequality is still prominent, seriously affecting the coordinated development of men and women. Mainstreaming ensures gender equality, and strives to uphold fairness and justice, promote gender justice and achieve gender harmony.
Gender harmony is an eternal topic of human beings and a goal that human beings are constantly pursuing. At the end of this article, the author looks forward to the future of gender harmony. The future relationship between men and women will be like two wheels of a car and two wings of a bird, jointly promoting the development of human society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C924.21

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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