人口老齡化與養(yǎng)老保險制度改革研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-29 21:15
【摘要】：伴隨著全球性人口老齡化時代的到來，，人口老齡化正廣泛而深刻地影響著人類經濟社會生活的各個方面，成為世界各國政府高度重視的問題。人口老齡化意味著經濟資源越來越多的向老年人轉移、進行社會再生產活動的勞動力供給減少、工資上漲和政府財政負擔加重，這將對人類經濟社會發(fā)展、政治決策和文化建設等各個方面產生重大影響。目前，世界人口老齡化主要有四大特點：人口老齡化范圍變廣、程度加深且速度加快；老年人貧困問題日趨嚴重；人口老齡化城鄉(xiāng)差距明顯以及老年人社會排斥現(xiàn)象普遍。人口老齡化造成的挑戰(zhàn)表現(xiàn)在勞動力供給減少、經濟增長減緩以及對養(yǎng)老保險制度和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制的巨大沖擊上。對中國而言，由于經濟發(fā)展程度低、制度供給不足、人口基數(shù)大以及有限的財政收入等影響，面臨的挑戰(zhàn)更大。 毫無疑問，人口老齡化對養(yǎng)老保險制度的影響是深遠的。養(yǎng)老保險制度作為一項構建社會安全網的重要制度框架，發(fā)揮著為老年人提供生活保障的神圣使命。從世界各國養(yǎng)老保險制度改革的實踐看，其基本趨勢是政府與市場關于老年人養(yǎng)老責任的重新分擔問題，逐漸搭建起政府、企業(yè)和個人在內的三元養(yǎng)老保險體系，從而分散風險、化解財務危機，并在一定程度上提高制度吸引力和激勵性，實現(xiàn)自我保障與公共保障的有機結合。 我國城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度一直擔任著為退休老年城鎮(zhèn)職工提供基本養(yǎng)老金的重大責任，運行多年以來，取得了一定成就，但也存在許多問題，如統(tǒng)籌層次太低、地區(qū)失衡以及個人賬戶空轉等。針對以上問題，筆者提出了完善城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度的若政策建議，如提高城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險的統(tǒng)籌層次、加快機關事業(yè)單位的基本養(yǎng)老保險制度改革以及進一步擴大城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度覆蓋面等。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the global population aging era, the aging of the population is widely and profoundly affecting all aspects of human economic and social life, and has become a problem that the governments of the world attach great importance to. The aging of the population means that more and more economic resources are being transferred to the elderly, that the supply of labour for social reproduction activities will be reduced, wages will rise and the financial burden of the government will be increased, which will contribute to the economic and social development of human beings. Political decision-making and cultural construction have had a major impact on all aspects. At present, the aging of the world population has four main characteristics: the range of population aging is becoming wider, the degree is deepening and the speed is accelerating; the problem of poverty among the elderly is becoming more and more serious; the gap between urban and rural population aging is obvious and the social exclusion of the elderly is widespread. The challenges posed by an ageing population include a shrinking supply of labour, a slowdown in economic growth and a huge impact on the pension and health systems. For China, the challenges are even greater due to its low level of economic development, inadequate institutional supply, large population base and limited fiscal revenue. There is no doubt that the impact of an ageing population on the pension system is profound. As an important institutional framework of constructing social safety net, the old-age insurance system plays the sacred mission of providing life security for the elderly. From the practice of old-age insurance system reform in various countries in the world, the basic trend is that the government and the market share the old people's old-age responsibility again, and gradually set up a ternary pension insurance system, which includes government, enterprises and individuals. In order to spread the risk, resolve the financial crisis, and to a certain extent improve the attraction and incentive of the system, realize the organic combination of self-protection and public security. The basic old-age insurance system for urban workers in China has been a major responsibility for providing basic pension for retired urban workers. After many years of operation, some achievements have been made, but there are also many problems, such as too low overall planning level. Regional imbalances and individual accounts idle and so on. In view of the above problems, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, such as raising the overall planning level of the basic old-age insurance for urban workers. We will speed up the reform of the basic old-age insurance system in government institutions and further expand the coverage of the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F842.67;C924.2
本文編號：2154042
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the global population aging era, the aging of the population is widely and profoundly affecting all aspects of human economic and social life, and has become a problem that the governments of the world attach great importance to. The aging of the population means that more and more economic resources are being transferred to the elderly, that the supply of labour for social reproduction activities will be reduced, wages will rise and the financial burden of the government will be increased, which will contribute to the economic and social development of human beings. Political decision-making and cultural construction have had a major impact on all aspects. At present, the aging of the world population has four main characteristics: the range of population aging is becoming wider, the degree is deepening and the speed is accelerating; the problem of poverty among the elderly is becoming more and more serious; the gap between urban and rural population aging is obvious and the social exclusion of the elderly is widespread. The challenges posed by an ageing population include a shrinking supply of labour, a slowdown in economic growth and a huge impact on the pension and health systems. For China, the challenges are even greater due to its low level of economic development, inadequate institutional supply, large population base and limited fiscal revenue. There is no doubt that the impact of an ageing population on the pension system is profound. As an important institutional framework of constructing social safety net, the old-age insurance system plays the sacred mission of providing life security for the elderly. From the practice of old-age insurance system reform in various countries in the world, the basic trend is that the government and the market share the old people's old-age responsibility again, and gradually set up a ternary pension insurance system, which includes government, enterprises and individuals. In order to spread the risk, resolve the financial crisis, and to a certain extent improve the attraction and incentive of the system, realize the organic combination of self-protection and public security. The basic old-age insurance system for urban workers in China has been a major responsibility for providing basic pension for retired urban workers. After many years of operation, some achievements have been made, but there are also many problems, such as too low overall planning level. Regional imbalances and individual accounts idle and so on. In view of the above problems, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, such as raising the overall planning level of the basic old-age insurance for urban workers. We will speed up the reform of the basic old-age insurance system in government institutions and further expand the coverage of the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F842.67;C924.2
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