本文選題：人口投資 + 人力資本　； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 就業(yè)問(wèn)題一直是困擾我國(guó)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的一大重要因素,因此促進(jìn)就業(yè)也是我國(guó)宏觀調(diào)控的主要目標(biāo)之一。如何促使大量新增勞動(dòng)力與生產(chǎn)資料充分結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)有效就業(yè),是本文研究的主要目的。 在“人口紅利”期背景下的中國(guó),尤其是改革以來(lái)隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)和國(guó)家投資力度的加大,就業(yè)崗位與勞動(dòng)力之間不相匹配、存在結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾,人口投資不足與新增勞動(dòng)力失業(yè)問(wèn)題相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重,我國(guó)的就業(yè)問(wèn)題并未得到根本性緩解,就業(yè)形勢(shì)依然嚴(yán)峻。本文依據(jù)人口投資理論,在定義了人口投資之后對(duì)其進(jìn)行廣義與狹義分類(lèi),并分別利用索維人口投資和作者設(shè)計(jì)的方法對(duì)我國(guó)近年來(lái)的人口投資進(jìn)行核算與估計(jì)。最后,得出狹義人口投資只是新培養(yǎng)一個(gè)普通勞動(dòng)力使之達(dá)到并保持原有人口生活水平所必需的人口投資,僅僅依靠狹義人口投資并不能促進(jìn)新增勞動(dòng)力就業(yè),在狹義人口投資的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行提高勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)的人力資本投資與改進(jìn)勞動(dòng)裝備水平的勞動(dòng)設(shè)備投資—廣義人口投資對(duì)于促進(jìn)就業(yè)有顯著意義的結(jié)論。 鑒于此,國(guó)家在制定投資政策時(shí),應(yīng)該更多地考慮就業(yè)問(wèn)題,更多地關(guān)注投資的效率與就業(yè)的關(guān)系,譬如將一直以來(lái)的物質(zhì)資本投資帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)型轉(zhuǎn)向人口投資尤其是人力資本投資帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和就業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展型。我們只有將投資與就業(yè)之間的觀念性錯(cuò)誤和體制性障礙掃除,引入市場(chǎng)機(jī)制、革新制度、轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,才能以最小的投入達(dá)到最大的收益,起到事半功倍的效果。
[Abstract]:Employment has always been an important factor that puzzles the stable operation of China's macro economy, so promoting employment is also one of the main goals of macro-control in China. How to combine a large number of new labor force and means of production to achieve effective employment is the main purpose of this paper. In the context of the "demographic dividend" period in China, especially since the reform, with the rapid growth of the economy and the increase of state investment, there is a structural contradiction between the jobs and the labor force. The problem of insufficient investment and unemployment of new labor force is quite serious, the employment problem in our country has not been fundamentally alleviated, and the employment situation is still grim. Based on the theory of population investment, this paper defines population investment and classifies it in a broad sense and a narrow sense, and calculates and estimates the population investment in China in recent years by means of Sovier's population investment and the method designed by the author. Finally, it is concluded that the narrow population investment is only the population investment necessary to train a common labor force to achieve and maintain the living standard of the original population. Relying on the narrow sense population investment alone can not promote the employment of the new labor force. It is concluded that the investment of human capital to improve the quality of workers and the investment of labor equipment to improve the level of labor equipment on the basis of the investment in the narrow sense of population has a significant effect on promoting employment. In view of this, when formulating investment policies, countries should pay more attention to the issue of employment and pay more attention to the relationship between the efficiency of investment and employment. For example, the type of economic growth driven by material capital investment has been shifted to the type of population investment, especially human capital investment, which promotes economic growth and employment development. Only by removing the ideological errors and institutional obstacles between investment and employment, introducing market mechanism, innovating the system and changing ideas, can we achieve the maximum benefit with the minimum investment and achieve the double effect with half the effort.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C924.2;F249.20

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