本文選題：人口分布 + 人口密度��； 參考：《蘭州大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 人,社會構成的主體。而描述人在地理空間分布的構成形式就是人口分布,這種人口的空間分布形式既有歷史傳承下的特性,也有當今生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平影響下的因素。它是自然環(huán)境和社會經(jīng)濟狀況的反映,對自然環(huán)境演變和社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展產(chǎn)生深遠的影響作用。研究人口分布,將其同地理信息系統(tǒng)相結合,可以更好的揭示人口分布變化、特征、規(guī)律及其背景,為相關自然、人文科學研究提供研究基礎。 人口分布空間化方法主要有面積內(nèi)插和空間建模兩類。面積內(nèi)插法將人口密度在研究區(qū)內(nèi)取平均值,存在不能區(qū)分研究區(qū)內(nèi)部差異,研究區(qū)之間差異變化過于顯著等缺點。空間建模方法考慮了多種因素對人口分布的影響,但存在指標過多、難以完善說明彼此相關性的問題。利用插值方法中的點插值方法比傳統(tǒng)方法平均人口密度得到的人口空間分布更符合實際。同時在解決大系統(tǒng)的單一問題時,僅僅用多因子的一次綜合模擬并不準確,模擬因子過多,不宜取值,因子間關系不明確,最終不能執(zhí)行插值,沒有結果。研究表明,人口分布空間化時先進行插值得到一個粗略的可檢驗的結果,然后對此結果以多因子進行修正,會更加易行,更加準確。 本文首先以2000年人口普查數(shù)據(jù)等為基礎,分別比較了幾種常用插值方法在研究區(qū)(巴彥淖爾市)人口分布空間化中的應用,研究表明：五種面插值方法得出的研究區(qū)人口總數(shù)與研究區(qū)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)均相差不到0.1%,但是存在相鄰兩地區(qū)在行政區(qū)劃邊界線內(nèi)外數(shù)值非線性巨變的缺點；行政中心點控制下的點插值方法雖然能夠克服前述缺點,但是得出的研究區(qū)人口總數(shù)是統(tǒng)計人口總數(shù)的4倍多,此結果顯然不能作為人口分布結果；多點控制下的點插值方法得到的人口總數(shù)是統(tǒng)計人口總數(shù)的3/4,雖然控制點已經(jīng)足夠多,但是仍不能克服前述缺點,也不能作為人口分布的結果；研究區(qū)外圍調(diào)節(jié)點控制下的點插值方法得出的人口總數(shù)占統(tǒng)計人口總數(shù)的98.22%，，同時能夠克服前述缺點。以這種方法對全國人口數(shù)據(jù)進行人口分布空間化插值,分布結果符合胡煥庸先生提出的：我國人口分布在愛輝-騰沖線以東的地區(qū)屬人口密度極高區(qū),在其以西的地區(qū)除少數(shù)地段外都屬極稀區(qū)。再將全國人口密度和農(nóng)牧交錯帶進行柵格賦值比較,得出人口密度同農(nóng)牧交錯帶的一致性為0.6413。 然后在西漢數(shù)字化地圖的基礎上,結合西漢人口數(shù)據(jù),完成西漢時期人口密度分布和分級圖。得出西漢時期我國人口分布空間格局是人口多集中于黃河中下游地區(qū),南方人口較稀少的結論。并在此基礎上對其成因進行探討,西漢時期人口分布的空間格局是在自然因素、政治因素和歷史因素的共同作用下形成的。
[Abstract]:Man, the subject of society. Population distribution is the constituent form of describing the geographical spatial distribution of human beings. This form of spatial distribution of population has the characteristics of historical inheritance and the factors influenced by the level of development of productive forces. It is the reflection of natural environment and social economic situation, and has a profound influence on the evolution of natural environment and the development of social economy. Studying population distribution and combining it with GIS can better reveal the change of population distribution, characteristics, law and background, and provide the research foundation for the research of related nature and humanities. There are two kinds of spatial methods of population distribution: area interpolation and spatial modeling. The area interpolation method takes the average population density in the study area, and there are some shortcomings such as the difference within the study area can not be distinguished, and the variation of the difference between the study areas is too significant. The spatial modeling method takes into account the influence of many factors on population distribution, but there are too many indicators to explain the correlation between them. The point interpolation method is more practical than the traditional method in terms of the average population density. At the same time, when solving the single problem of large scale system, it is not accurate to use only one synthetic simulation of multiple factors. The simulation factors are too many, it is not suitable to take values, the relationship between factors is not clear, and the interpolation cannot be carried out in the end, and there is no result. It is shown that when population distribution is spatially spaced, a rough and verifiable result can be obtained by interpolation, and then the result can be corrected by multiple factors, which will be easier and more accurate. Based on the data of the 2000 census, this paper compares the application of several interpolation methods in the spatial distribution of population in the study area (Bayannur City). The results show that the total population of the study area is less than 0.1% different from the statistical data of the study area, but there exists the shortcoming of the two adjacent regions in the boundary line of administrative division and inside and outside the boundary line of the administrative division. Although the point interpolation method under the control of the administrative center can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the total population of the study area is more than four times the total population of the statistical population, which obviously cannot be regarded as the result of population distribution. The total population obtained by the point interpolation method under multi-point control is 3 / 4 of the total population. Although there are enough control points, it can not overcome the shortcomings mentioned above, nor can it be regarded as the result of population distribution. The total population obtained by the point interpolation method under the control of the peripheral adjustment points in the study area accounts for 98.22 percent of the total statistical population, and can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings at the same time. This method is used to interpolate the population distribution of the whole country. The result of the distribution accords with that of Mr. Hu Huanyong: the area east of the Aihui-Tengchong line belongs to the extremely high population density area. The area to the west is extremely rare except for a few. By comparing the population density of the whole country with the grid assignment of agricultural and pastoral ecotone, it is concluded that the consistency between population density and agricultural and pastoral ecotone is 0. 6413. Then on the basis of the digital map of the Western Han Dynasty and combined with the population data of the Western Han Dynasty, the distribution and classification of population density in the Western Han Dynasty were completed. It is concluded that the spatial pattern of population distribution in China during the Western Han Dynasty was mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the south was sparsely populated. The spatial pattern of population distribution in the Western Han Dynasty was formed under the joint action of natural factors, political factors and historical factors.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：C922

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前4條

1 周小平;中國歷代人口分布的GIS表述[D];蘭州大學;2011年

2 李文娟;中國農(nóng)牧交錯帶及其人口分布研究[D];蘭州大學;2011年

3 曹麗;中國人口分布及影響因素分析[D];吉林大學;2012年

4 江琴;20世紀80年代以來武漢市人口分布及變化分析[D];華中師范大學;2013年

本文編號：1802674