本文選題：失獨(dú)者 + 身份認(rèn)同��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在獨(dú)生子女政策實(shí)施30多年后,隨著第一代獨(dú)生子女父母邁入老年人群體,特別是獨(dú)生子女家庭出現(xiàn)的“失獨(dú)”事件,帶來(lái)了失獨(dú)父母的養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療、精神慰藉等一系列問(wèn)題,也引發(fā)了失獨(dú)者自我認(rèn)同、社會(huì)認(rèn)同、社會(huì)關(guān)系等方面的危機(jī)與變化,“失獨(dú)者”、“失獨(dú)家庭”等開(kāi)始成為社會(huì)問(wèn)題的專(zhuān)有名詞。獨(dú)生子女離世后,失獨(dú)者往往陷入無(wú)法自拔的沉重悲痛中,其精神狀態(tài)受到極大的打擊,甚至出現(xiàn)不同程度上的精神疾病;面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,失獨(dú)者往往選擇逃避,逐漸封閉自我,其身份認(rèn)同也開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)危機(jī),把自我與他者區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái),主動(dòng)抑或是被動(dòng)地排斥社會(huì)交往。然而,人生而不能無(wú)群,同樣是社會(huì)人的失獨(dú)者,雖然在失獨(dú)之初是分散的、原子化的個(gè)體,但在其精神需求等方面亟待滿足時(shí),也開(kāi)始自覺(jué)或不自覺(jué)地去尋求新的群體歸屬和身份認(rèn)同。筆者從失獨(dú)者身份認(rèn)同的角度出發(fā),沿著“危機(jī)—重構(gòu)—影響”的思路,全面分析了失獨(dú)者身份認(rèn)同危機(jī)與重構(gòu)的過(guò)程,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):在失獨(dú)事件發(fā)生后,絕望的情感體驗(yàn)與同情感機(jī)制的失靈使得失獨(dú)者逐漸封閉自我,身份認(rèn)同出現(xiàn)危機(jī),主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的互動(dòng)排斥使得失獨(dú)者的社會(huì)關(guān)系全面斷裂。由于舊身份的不可逆轉(zhuǎn)性,重構(gòu)新的身份認(rèn)同是失獨(dú)者走出身份認(rèn)同危機(jī)的必然選擇。而失獨(dú)的共同處境、現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的開(kāi)放性、流動(dòng)性、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)媒介作用及失獨(dú)群體中精英分子的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)熱情為失獨(dú)者的身份認(rèn)同重構(gòu)提供了條件和基礎(chǔ)。在重構(gòu)的“同命人”身份下,失獨(dú)者的情感需求得到滿足,群體內(nèi)的互動(dòng)交往逐漸增多,社會(huì)參與度不斷提升,實(shí)現(xiàn)了社會(huì)的再融入。然而,“同命人”身份的構(gòu)建,也帶來(lái)一系列消極的影響,情感共鳴與維權(quán)挫折使得失獨(dú)者群體內(nèi)部更容易孳生及蔓延集體性的負(fù)面情緒;失獨(dú)者的社會(huì)交往僅僅局限于“同命人”內(nèi)部,并不斷強(qiáng)化者與外群體之間的界限,一定程度上阻礙著失獨(dú)者的社會(huì)融入;另外,隨著維權(quán)行動(dòng)的愈演愈烈、規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,“維權(quán)”似乎成了部分失獨(dú)者生活的全部或中心,且不斷提出過(guò)度“特殊化”的權(quán)益訴求。
[Abstract]:More than 30 years after the implementation of the one-child policy, with the first generation of one-child parents entering the elderly group, especially the one-child family, the event of "losing independence" has brought about a series of problems such as old-age care, medical treatment, and spiritual comfort for the parents who have lost their independence.It also led to the crisis and change of self-identity, social identity, social relationship and so on. "lost independence" and "lost independence family" began to become the proper terms of social problems.After the death of an only child, those who lost independence are often caught in a heavy grief that cannot be extricated from their lives, and their mental state is greatly hit, and even mental illness of varying degrees occurs. In the face of real life, the unemployed often choose to escape.Gradually closed self, its identity also began to appear crisis, to distinguish between self and others, active or passive exclusion of social interaction.However, life cannot be without a group. It is also a person who has lost his independence in society. Although he is a dispersed, atomized individual at the beginning of his loss of independence, his spiritual needs are urgently to be satisfied.Also began to consciously or unconsciously to seek new group ownership and identity.From the point of view of identity of lost independence, the author analyzes the process of identity crisis and reconstruction of lost independence in a comprehensive way along with the idea of "crisis-reconstruction-influence", and finds that: after the event of loss of independence occurs,The failure of the desperate emotional experience and the same emotional mechanism causes the losing of independence to close themselves gradually, the identity crisis, and the active and passive interactive rejection make the social relationship of the lost independence break completely.Because of the irreversibility of the old identity, the reconstruction of the new identity is the inevitable choice for the loser to walk out of the identity crisis.The common situation of losing independence, the openness and mobility of modern society, the role of Internet media and the leadership enthusiasm of elite members of the lost independence group provide the condition and foundation for the identity reconstruction of the lost independence group.Under the reconstructed identity of "the same destiny person", the emotional needs of the people who lost independence are satisfied, the interaction within the group increases gradually, the degree of social participation is rising, and the social re-integration is realized.However, the construction of the identity of "the same destiny" also brings a series of negative effects. Emotional resonance and frustration of safeguarding rights make it easier to breed and spread the collective negative emotions within the group of lost independence.The social interaction of the disenfranchised is confined to the "one person with the same destiny", and the boundary between the individual and the outside group is constantly strengthened, which to some extent impedes the social integration of the disabling; in addition, as the action of safeguarding rights becomes more and more intense, the scale continues to expand.Protecting rights seems to be the whole or center of the life of some of the disenfranchised, and the rights and interests of excessive "specialization" continue to be demanded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C924.21;C912.64

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