本文選題：人口漲落　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境變遷　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快,小城鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量及規(guī)模迅速發(fā)展,人口向城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域集聚。銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域作為寧夏全區(qū)自然、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件具有相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的地區(qū),資源開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度大,人口規(guī)模擴(kuò)張迅速；同時(shí)在寧夏“十二五”生態(tài)移民規(guī)劃中,要對(duì)南部山區(qū)34.6萬(wàn)人移民搬遷至中北部地區(qū),未來(lái)銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域面臨巨大的人口集聚壓力。銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域基于綠洲環(huán)境而發(fā)展,由于綠洲自然系統(tǒng)本身的脆弱性及不穩(wěn)定特征,造成銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域發(fā)展與環(huán)境系統(tǒng)間關(guān)系更為密切,對(duì)彼此間的響應(yīng)更為敏感�；诖�,論文對(duì)銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域人口時(shí)空漲落過(guò)程及特征、環(huán)境資源(土地資源、水資源)的演化軌跡進(jìn)行分析；主要從人口規(guī)模與環(huán)境資源狀態(tài)、環(huán)境資源消耗、環(huán)境資源污染、環(huán)境資源保護(hù)的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系演化軌跡來(lái)定量分析銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域人口—環(huán)境系統(tǒng)協(xié)同發(fā)展?fàn)顩r；并從耕地資源、水資源、經(jīng)濟(jì)資源三方面計(jì)算銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域相對(duì)于寧夏全區(qū)的綜合承載力,為未來(lái)寧夏優(yōu)化人口空間布局及可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供參考,并得出如下結(jié)論： (1)從空間尺度看,在行政、經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源等因素驅(qū)動(dòng)下,三大市區(qū)(銀川市、石嘴山市、吳忠市)在人口規(guī)模、人口密度、增長(zhǎng)速度方面,明顯高于其他5個(gè)縣域,人口空間分布結(jié)構(gòu)與銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域的城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)相吻合,各市縣地理集中度逐年升高,但人口不均衡指數(shù)升高。從時(shí)間尺度看,各城鎮(zhèn)因行政區(qū)劃變革等因素導(dǎo)致人口局部漲落特征,但整個(gè)銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域人口快速集聚,且未來(lái)人口規(guī)模有繼續(xù)擴(kuò)張的趨勢(shì)。 (2)在土地資源方面,銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域各市縣建設(shè)用地增加快,尤其是市區(qū)建設(shè)用地的快速擴(kuò)張,侵占耕地面積導(dǎo)致人均耕地面積明顯減少；從整個(gè)銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域看,由于人口規(guī)模的快速擴(kuò)張,未利用地開(kāi)發(fā)量大；同時(shí)銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域仍面臨嚴(yán)重的土地沙化及鹽漬化問(wèn)題。在水資源方面,銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域降水量因受全球氣候的影響處于降低的趨勢(shì)；近年黃河來(lái)水量減少,外加國(guó)家對(duì)寧夏引黃用水的限制,加大了對(duì)地下水的開(kāi)采,加劇了地下水埋深下降,綜合來(lái)看,銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域水量明顯減少。在資源環(huán)境消耗及污染方面,銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域資源環(huán)境污染水平處于上升趨勢(shì)；但在資源消耗尤其是水資源消耗方面,空間差異特征明顯,其中銀川市資源消耗水平上升,石嘴山及吳忠市資源消耗水平呈下降趨勢(shì)。 (3)在系統(tǒng)要素層面,市區(qū)人口規(guī)模與市區(qū)建成區(qū)面積及人均耕地面積關(guān)聯(lián)度高,但5縣人口規(guī)模與人均耕地面積關(guān)聯(lián)度較低；市區(qū)人口要素與水資源(用水總量)的曲線擬合優(yōu)度高,兩者之間關(guān)聯(lián)耦合作用強(qiáng)。在系統(tǒng)層面,三大地級(jí)市人口規(guī)模與資源環(huán)境狀態(tài)、資源環(huán)境污染及資源環(huán)境消耗的擬合結(jié)果表明：人口規(guī)模與資源環(huán)境狀態(tài)的關(guān)聯(lián)耦合作用較弱,遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有資源環(huán)境消耗及污染的擬合優(yōu)度高,關(guān)聯(lián)作用強(qiáng)。其中,三大地級(jí)市資源環(huán)境污染隨人口規(guī)模的變化一致性升高；但在資源環(huán)境消耗方面,卻出現(xiàn)了明顯的空間差異性。在協(xié)同演化過(guò)程方面,銀川平原城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域人口—環(huán)境系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)度總體發(fā)展勢(shì)頭較好,基本處于協(xié)同階段,但在近年有小幅下降趨勢(shì)。同時(shí),三個(gè)地級(jí)市協(xié)調(diào)度具有明顯的空間分異特征,銀川市最高；其次為石嘴山市,但增長(zhǎng)速度快；相較其他兩市,吳忠市協(xié)調(diào)度波動(dòng)下降。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the urbanization process , the number and scale of small cities and towns are rapidly developing , and the population is concentrated in the urban areas . As the natural and socio - economic conditions of the whole area of Ningxia , the urban area of Yinchuan Plain has the comparative advantage , the resources development intensity is large , the scale of the population expands rapidly ;
At the same time , in the 12th Five - Year Plan for Ecological Migration in Ningxia , it is necessary to relocate some 346,000 people in the southern mountain area to the north - central area . The urban areas of the future Yinchuan Plain are faced with huge population gathering pressure . The urban area of Yinchuan Plain is based on the oasis environment . Due to the fragility and unstable characteristics of the oasis natural system itself , the regional development of the urban area of Yinchuan Plain is more sensitive to the response of the environment system . Based on this , the paper analyzes the process and characteristics of the spatial and temporal fluctuation of the urban area population , the environment resources ( land resources , water resources ) .
Based on the relationship between population size and environment resource status , environment resource consumption , environmental resource pollution and environmental resource protection , the paper quantitatively analyzes the coordinated development of urban regional population - environment system in the plain and urban areas .
From the three aspects of cultivated land resources , water resources and economic resources , the comprehensive bearing capacity of the urban area of Yinchuan Plain relative to the whole area of Ningxia is calculated , which provides a reference for the future optimization of population space layout and sustainable development in Ningxia , and concludes that :

( 1 ) From the viewpoint of space scale , under the driving of administrative , economic and resource factors , the population size , population density and growth rate of three major cities ( Yinchuan City , Shizuishan City , Wuzhong City ) are obviously higher than that of other five counties . The population spatial distribution structure is in agreement with the urban scale structure in the urban areas of Yinchuan Plain .

( 2 ) In the area of land resources , the construction land in the urban areas of the Yinchuan Plain increased rapidly , especially the rapid expansion of the urban construction land , which resulted in a significant reduction in the per capita arable land area ;
Seen from the whole Yinchuan Plain town area , because of the rapid expansion of the population size , the unexploited amount of development is large ;
At the same time , the urban area still faces serious problems of land desertification and salination in the urban area of Yinchuan Plain . In the aspect of water resources , the precipitation of regional precipitation in the urban area of Yinchuan Plain is in decline due to the influence of global climate ;
In recent years , the amount of water in the Yellow River has been reduced , and the water consumption of Ningxia Yellow River is restricted by the applied state , and the underground water depth is increased . In view of the consumption and pollution of resources and environment , the level of environmental pollution in the urban area of Yinchuan Plain is on the rising trend ;
However , in terms of resource consumption , especially water resource consumption , the spatial difference is obvious , in which the level of resource consumption in Yinchuan city rises , the consumption level of Shizuishan and Wu Zhongshi is declining trend .

( 3 ) At the system element level , the urban population size is related to the area of urban construction area and the per capita arable land area , but the population size of 5 counties and the per capita arable land area are relatively low ;
The relationship between population size and resource environment status , resource environmental pollution and resource environmental consumption show that the relationship between population size and resource environment status , resource environment pollution and resource environment consumption is weak , and the relationship between population size and resource environment state is high and the correlation function is strong .
However , in the aspect of resource environment consumption , there are obvious spatial differences . In the process of co - evolution , the overall development momentum of regional population - environmental system coordination in the urban area of Yinchuan Plain is relatively good , basically in the collaborative phase , but in recent years there is a small decline trend . At the same time , the coordination degree of the three prefecture - level cities has obvious spatial differentiation characteristics , and the city is the highest ;
The second is Shizuishan City , but the growth rate is fast ;
In comparison to the other two cities , Wu Zhongshi ' s degree of coordination has fallen .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C924.2

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